Percent Dry Weight (Biomass) Increases for
300, 600 and 900 ppm Increases in the Air's CO2 Concentration:


For a more detailed description of this table, click here.

Triticum aestivum L. [Common Wheat]


Statistics
 
300 ppm
600 ppm
900 ppm
 Number of Results
249
14
9
 Arithmetic Mean
33.4%
49.6%
21.8%
 Standard Error
1.9%
10.7
2.8%

Individual Experiement Results

Journal References
Experimental Conditions
300 ppm
600 ppm
900 ppm

Akin et al. (1995)
FACE, wet treatment
13%

 
 

Akin et al. (1995)
FACE, dry treatment
35%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, no water stress, day 23
23%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, no water stress, day 30
14%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, no water stress, day 38
30%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, water stress, day 12
45%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, water stress, day 36
23%

 
 

Andre and Du Cloux (1993)
growth chambers, water stress, day 50,14 days after recovery of normal watering
37%

 
 

Balaguer et al. (1995)
controlled environment chambers, leaves
52%

 
 

Balaguer et al. (1995)
controlled environment chambers, roots
38%

 
 

Balagueret al. (1995)
controlled environment chambers, stems
56%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 0.25 mM Na2HPO4
37%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 1.0 inositol hexaphosphate
17%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 0.25 mM inositol hexaphosphate
-4%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 1.0 mM glucose-1-phosphate
45%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 0.25 mM glucose-1-phosphate
7%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 0 mM P
30%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, transient P deficiency,1.0 mM KH2PO4
61%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, transient P deficiency,0.01 mM KH2PO4
64%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, transient P deficiency,1.0 mM inositol hexaphosphate
39%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, continuous P deficiency,1.0 mM KH2PO4
19%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, continuous P deficiency,0.01 mM KH2PO4
20%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled-environment cabinets, solution culture, continuous P deficiency,1.0 mM inositol hexaphosphate
20%

 
 

Barrett et al. (1998)
controlled glasshouse, aseptically grown in agar, 1.0 mM Na2HPO4
63%

 
 

Batts et al. (1997)
Grain biomass of plants grown in the field for four consecutive seasons within polyethylene-covered tunnels along which a temperature gradient was imposed
6 to 153%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers under normal temperature
30%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers; aboveground biomass at normal temperature; cv Emma
29%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers; aboveground biomass under heat stress; cv Emma
35%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers; aboveground biomass under normal temperature; cv Mezofold
19%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers; aboveground biomass under heat stress; cv Mezofold
11%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004b)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed in pots in growth chambers for a total of 128 days after planting; cultivar Mv Martina
11%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2004b)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed in pots in growth chambers for a total of 128 days after planting; cultivar Mv Emma
9%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers at ambient temperature; cv. Mezofold
6%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers subjected to 15 days of +11°C elevated daytime temperature; cv. Martina
20%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers at ambient temperature; cv. Emma
18%

 
 

Bencze et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers subjected to 15 days of +11°C elevated daytime temperature; cv. Emma
13%

 
 

Benczeet al. (2004a)
Well-watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in growth chambers under heat-stressed temperature
30%

 
 

Benczeet al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers subjected to 15 days of +11°C elevated daytime temperature; cv. Mezofold
18%

 
 

Benczeet al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown in controlled environment chambers at ambient temperature; cv. Martina
24%

 
 

Cardoso-Vilhena et al. (2004)
Plants grown individually in 3-dm3 pots in controlled environment chambers for 77 days; cv. Hanno; less than 5 nl l-1 ozone
56%

 
 

Cardoso-Vilhena et al. (2004)
Plants grown individually in 3-dm3 pots in controlled environment chambers for 77 days; cv. Hanno; 75 nl l-1 ozone
162%

 
 

Cardoso-Vilhena and Barnes (2001)
controlled environment chamber,1.5 mM NO3-
10%

 
 

Cardoso-Vilhena and Barnes (2001)
controlled environment chamber,4 mM NO3-
24%

 
 

Cardoso-Vilhena and Barnes (2001)
controlled environment chamber,14 mM NO3-
37%

 
 

Chen et al. (2004)
Aboveground biomass of well-watered plants infested with aphids grown from seed to maturity in high-fertility pots placed in open-top chambers; cv. Kehan 50
48%

 
 

Chen et al. (2004)
Aboveground biomass of well-watered plants not infested with aphids grown from seed to maturity in high-fertility pots placed in open-top chambers; cv. Kehan 50
52%

 
 

Cheng and Johnson (1998)
growth chamber, nitrogen fertilizer added
43%

 
 

Cheng and Johnson (1998)
growth chamber, no nitrogen fertilizer added
19%

 
 

Christ and Korner (1995)
hydroponics, shoots
40%

 
 

Christ and Korner (1995)
hydroponics, roots
73%

 
 

Deepak and Agrawal (1999)
Well watered and fertilized plants of the cultivar Malviya 234 grown for 45 days under field conditions in open-top chambers at Varanasi, India, without an extra 60 ppb of SO2
28%

 
 

Deepak and Agrawal (1999)
Well watered and fertilized plants of the cultivar Malviya 234 grown for 45 days under field conditions in open-top chambers at Varanasi, India, with an extra 60 ppb of SO2
26%

 
 

Deepak and Agrawal (1999)
Well watered and fertilized plants of the cultivar Malviya 234 grown for 60 days under field conditions in open-top chambers at Varanasi, India, without an extra 60 ppb of SO2
36%

 
 

Deepak and Agrawal (1999)
Well watered and fertilized plants of the cultivar Malviya 234 grown for 60 days under field conditions in open-top chambers at Varanasi, India, with an extra 60 ppb of SO2
75%

 
 

Derner et al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); First generation at physiological maturity
0%

 
 

Derner et al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Second generation at day 10
18%

 
 

Derner et al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Second generation at physiological maturity
54%

 
 

Derner et al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Third generation at day 10
46%

 
 

Derner et al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Third generation at physiological maturity
37%

 
 

Derneret al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Second generation at day 21
33%

 
 

Derneret al. (2004)
Plants grown in pots in glasshouse bays from the seed of prior generations of plants raised under the same CO2 conditions (360 or 700 ppm); Third generation at day 21
92%

 
 

Dijkstra et al. (1999)
open-top chambers and field-tracking sun-lit climatized enclosures, total biomass
15%

 
 

Dijkstra et al. (1999)
open-top chambers and field-tracking sun-lit climatized enclosures, grain yield
17%

 
 

Dong-Xiu et al. (2002)
Season-long open-top chambers; soil moisture at 40% field capacity
41%

 
 

Dong-Xiu et al. (2002)
Season-long open-top chambers; soil moisture at 60% field capacity
103%

 
 

Dong-Xiu et al. (2002)
Season-long open-top chambers; soil moisture at 80% field capacity
83%

 
 

Donnelly et al. (1999)
open-top chambers, 1995
69%

 
 

Donnelly et al. (1999)
open-top chambers, 1996
54%

 
 

Donnelly et al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots recessed into the ground out-of-doors in open-top chambers in air to which 90 ppb ozone was added (elevated ozone)
84%

 
 

Donnellyet al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots recessed into the ground out-of-doors in open-top chambers in ambient air (normal ozone)
25%

 
 

Du Cloux et al. (1987)
pots (1.45 liters)
43%

 
 

Fangmeier et al. (1996)
open top chamber, 150kg Nitrogen per hectare added, ambient ozone
30%

 
 

Fangmeier et al. (1996)
open top chamber, 270kg Nitrogen per hectare added, ambient ozone
30%

 
 

Fangmeier et al. (1996)
open top chamber, 150kg Nitrogen per hectare added, ozone stressed
34%

 
 

Fangmeier et al. (1996)
open top chamber, 270kg Nitrogen per hectare added, ozone stressed
35%

 
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 14/18°C, 0 kg N ha-1
20%

-10%
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 14/18°C, 100 kg N ha-1
11%

0%
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 14/18°C, 300 kg N ha-1
14%

43%
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 22/26°C, 0 kg N ha-1
-78%

0%
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 22/26°C, 100 kg N ha-1
8%

-3%
 

Frank and Bauer (1996)
growth chambers, 22/26°C, 300 kg N ha-1
70%

28%
 

Gifford et al. (1985)
pots
97%

 
 

Gordon et al. (1995)
chambers inside a glasshouse
33%

 
 

Gorissen (1996)
phytotrons, 35 days
44%

 
 

Gorissen (1996)
phytotrons, 49 days
36%

 
 

Goudriaan and de Ruiter (1983)
pots, greenhouse
24%

 
 

Grant et al. (1999)
FACE, low irrigation
28%

 
 

Grant et al. (1999)
FACE, high irrigation
15%

 
 

Gregory et al. (1997)
polyethylene-covered tunnels, roots
66%

 
 

Grotenhuis et al. (1997)
greenhouses, Veery-10 cultivar, seed yield
 

 
15%

Grotenhuis et al. (1997)
greenhouses, Veery-10 cultivar, biomass
 

 
26%

Grotenhuis et al. (1997)
greenhouses, USU-Apogee cultivar,seed yield
 

 
17%

Grotenhuis et al. (1997)
greenhouses, USU-Apogee cultivar, biomass
 

 
27%

Gutierrez et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in Salamanca, Spain, in 2004 within chambers made of transparent polycarbonate walls and polyethylene sheet roofing
11%

 
 

Gutierrez et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in Salamanca, Spain, in 2005 within chambers made of transparent polycarbonate walls and polyethylene sheet roofing
16%

 
 

Hakala (1998)
open-top chambers, ambient temperature, grain yield
11%

 
 

Hakala (1998)
open-top chambers, ambient temperature, above ground biomass
15%

 
 

Hakala (1998)
greenhouse, ambient + 3°C temperature, grain yield
18%

 
 

Hakala (1998)
greenhouse, ambient + 3°C temperature, above ground biomass
21%

 
 

Havelka et al. (1984)
field, open-top chambers
 

 
12%

Hogy et al. (2009)
Total biomass of well watered plants grown together with typical weeds out-of-doors south of Stuttgart, Germany, in a FACE study
37%

 
 

Hogy et al. (2009)
Grain biomass of well watered plants grown together with typical weeds out-of-doors south of Stuttgart, Germany, in a FACE study
27%

 
 

Hogy et al. (2009)
Total aboveground biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in three different years under field conditions in a FACE study conducted at Heidfeldhof, south of Stuttgart in Germany
21%

 
 

Hogy et al. (2009)
Grain yield biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in three different years under field conditions in a FACE study conducted at Heidfeldhof, south of Stuttgart in Germany
18%

 
 

Hogy et al. (2010)
Above ground tissues biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in the field in a FACE study conducted south of Stuttgart (Germany)
24%

 
 

Hogy et al. (2010)
Grain yield biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in the field in a FACE study conducted south of Stuttgart (Germany)
25%

 
 

Kant et al. (2007)
Whole plant biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown (from seed) three to each 4-kg-capacity pot of Typic Haplustept soil in open-top chambers to the time of crown root initiation
32%

 
 

Kant et al. (2007)
Whole plant biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown (from seed) three to each 4-kg-capacity pot of Typic Haplustept soil in open-top chambers to the time of anthesis
74%

 
 

Kant et al. (2007)
Whole plant biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown (from seed) three to each 4-kg-capacity pot of Typic Haplustept soil in open-top chambers to the time of maturity
65%

 
 

Kartschall et al. (1995)
FACE, dry plot, biomass
35%

 
 

Kartschall et al. (1995)
FACE, wet plot, biomass
13%

 
 

Kartschall et al. (1995)
FACE, dry plot, grain yield
47%

 
 

Kartschall et al. (1995)
FACE, wet plot, grain yield
4%

 
 

Kendall et al. (1985)
pots, post-anthesis CO2, low light
 

 
41%

Kendall et al. (1985)
pots, post-anthesis CO2,moderate light
 

 
24%

Kimball et al. (2001)
FACE
27%

 
 

Kimball et al. (2001)
FACE, dry treatment
38%

 
 

Kimball et al. (2001)
FACE, low nitrogen
14%

 
 

Kou et al. (2007)
FACE study of plants grown for a full season at low soil N concentration (88.9 mg N kg-1 air-dried soil)
21%

 
 

Kou et al. (2007)
FACE study of plants grown for a full season at high soil N concentration (148.1 mg N kg-1 air-dried soil)
23%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012a)
Total biomass of adequately fertilized and watered plants grown from seed to maturity in a Mini-FACE system on an experimental farm in a wheat-soybean rotation in Changping, Beijing, China
64%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012a)
Grain yield of adequately fertilized and watered plants grown from seed to maturity in a Mini-FACE system on an experimental farm in a wheat-soybean rotation in Changping, Beijing, China
51%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012a)
Grain yield biomass of adequately fertilized (except for nitrogen) and irrigated plants grown from seed to maturity at a FACE facility in Changping, Beijing, China, in low N soil treatments
38%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012a)
Grain yield biomass of adequately fertilized (except for nitrogen) and irrigated plants grown from seed to maturity at a FACE facility in Changping, Beijing, China, in high N soil treatments
68%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012b)
Plants grown from seed to maturity under natural rainfall conditions at the AGFACE facility at Horsham, Victoria (Australia) under normal (warmer) sowing in 2008 (2008NS)
51%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012b)
Plants grown from seed to maturity under natural rainfall conditions at the AGFACE facility at Horsham, Victoria (Australia) under late (drier) sowing in 2008 (2008LS)
15%

 
 

Lam et al. (2012b)
Plants grown from seed to maturity under natural rainfall conditions at the AGFACE facility at Horsham, Victoria (Australia) under normal (warmer) sowing in 2009 (2009NS)
109%

 
 

Levine et al. (2008)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed for 28 days in custom-designed root modules housed in Plexiglas chambers
 

 
20%

Li et al. (2000)
FACE, lower stem, well-watered
23%

 
 

Li et al. (2000)
FACE, lower stem, water-stressed
40%

 
 

Li et al., (2007)
Grain yield biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in the field in a cross between an open-top-chamber and FACE study in a semi-arid region of China under natural conditions
32%

 
 

Li et al., (2007)
Grain yield biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in the field in a cross between an open-top-chamber and FACE study in a semi-arid region of China when supplied with extra water and nutrients
112%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, well-watered (85-100% field capacity), no extra N
0%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, well-watered (85-100% field capacity), extra 50 µg N g-1
0%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, well-watered (85-100% field capacity), extra 100 µg N g-1
7%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, well-watered (85-100% field capacity), extra 200 µg N g-1
11%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, water-stressed (45-60% field capacity), no extra N
0%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, water-stressed (45-60% field capacity), extra 50 µg N g-1
0%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, water-stressed (45-60% field capacity), extra 100 µg N g-1
0%

 
 

Li and Kang (2002)
Plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers in pots filled with 3 kg of loess soil, water-stressed (45-60% field capacity), extra 200 µg N g-1
0%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007a)
FACE study of aboveground biomass production of plants grown for a full season under field conditions at a low level of nitrogen fertilization
20%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007a)
FACE study of belowground biomass production of plants grown for a full season under field conditions at a low level of nitrogen fertilization
72%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007a)
FACE study of aboveground biomass production of plants grown for a full season under field conditions at a high level of nitrogen fertilization
40%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007a)
FACE study of belowground biomass production of plants grown for a full season under field conditions at a high level of nitrogen fertilization
5%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007b)
FACE study of plants grown in paddy culture at Wuxi, Jiangsu Province (China) during the grain ripening stage at normal N (250 kg ha-1) soil fertility
33%

 
 

Ma et al. (2007b)
FACE study of plants grown in paddy culture at Wuxi, Jiangsu Province (China) during the grain ripening stage at low N (125 kg ha-1) soil fertility
31%

 
 

Manderscheid et al. (2003)
Above-ground biomass of well watered plants grown from seed to maturity in the field at Braunschweig (Germany) and enclosed by open-top chambers
13%

 
 

Manderscheid et al. (2003)
Grain-yield biomass of well watered plants grown from seed to maturity in the field at Braunschweig (Germany) and enclosed by open-top chambers
14%

 
 

Manderscheid et al. (2003)
Above-ground biomass of well watered plants grown from seed to maturity in "simulated field plots in large volume soil containers buried in the ground" that were enclosed by open-top chambers
11%

 
 

Manderscheid et al. (2003)
Grain-yield biomass of well watered plants grown from seed to maturity in "simulated field plots in large volume soil containers buried in the ground" that were enclosed by open-top chambers
5%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1890
38%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1914
46%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1943
49%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1965
20%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1979
19%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (1997)
open top chambers, cultivar released 1988
37%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (2007)
Plants grown for two seasons out-of-doors within open-top chambers under sufficient-water-supply (WET) conditions where the water supplied to the plants was halved just after the crop first-node stage was reached approximately 35 days after seedling emergence
<=11%

 
 

Manderscheid and Weigel (2007)
Plants grown for two seasons out-of-doors within open-top chambers under drought-stress (DRY) conditions where the water supplied to the plants was halved just after the crop first-node stage was reached approximately 35 days after seedling emergence
>=47%

 
 

Manoj-Kumar et al. (2012)
Total plant biomass of well-watered and adequately-fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity within a phytotron in 1.5-kg-capacity pots (3 plants/pot) filled with a Typic Haplustept soil of subtropical India
38%

 
 

Manoj-Kumar et al. (2012)
Grain biomass of well-watered and adequately-fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity within a phytotron in 1.5-kg-capacity pots (3 plants/pot) filled with a Typic Haplustept soil of subtropical India
52%

 
 

Marc and Gifford (1984)
pots, growth cabinets, 12 hr light, 23/18°C
 

110%
 

Marc and Gifford (1984)
pots, growth cabinets, 12 hr light, 24/21°C
 

84%
 

Marc and Gifford (1984)
pots, growth cabinets, 12 hr light, 23/18°C
 

75%
 

Marhan et al. (2008)
Stubble biomass of plants grown for three consecutive seasons in a mini-FACE study
22%

 
 

Marhan et al. (2008)
Root biomass of plants grown for three consecutive seasons in a mini-FACE study
18%

 
 

Masle (2000)
Grown from seed in greenhouses for four weeks; cv. Birch, with vernalization
 

87%
 

Masle (2000)
Grown from seed in greenhouses for four weeks; cv. Birch, without vernalization
 

57%
 

Masle (2000)
Grown from seed in greenhouses for four weeks; cv. Hartog, without vernalization
 

99%
 

Masle (2000)
Grown from seed in greenhouses for four weeks; cv. Hartog, without vernalization
 

 
 

McKee et al. (1997)
cv. Wembley; plants grown from sowing to harvest in 0.65 dm3 pots in low (less than 5ppb) ozone in controlled-environment chambers; total plant mass
21%

 
 

McKee et al. (1997)
cv. Wembley; plants grown from sowing to harvest in 0.65 dm3 pots in high (60 ppb) ozone in controlled-environment chambers; total plant mass
32%

 
 

McKee et al. (1997)
cv. Wembley; plants grown from sowing to harvest in 0.65 dm3 pots in low (less than 5ppb) ozone in controlled-environment chambers; grain mass
23%

 
 

McKee et al. (1997)
cv. Wembley; plants grown from sowing to harvest in 0.65 dm3 pots in high (60 ppb) ozone in controlled-environment chambers; grain mass
30%

 
 

McKee and Woodward (1994)
Grown to maturity in controlled-environment chambers supplied with nutrient solution nitrate concentrations of 2.5 mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
0%

 
 

McKee and Woodward (1994)
Grown to maturity in controlled-environment chambers supplied with nutrient solution nitrate concentrations of 5 mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
12%

 
 

McKee and Woodward (1994)
Grown to maturity in controlled-environment chambers supplied with nutrient solution nitrate concentrations of 10 mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
15%

 
 

McKee and Woodward (1994)
Grown to maturity in controlled-environment chambers supplied with nutrient solution nitrate concentrations of 15 mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O
13%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, shoot, tillering stage
0%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, shoot, booting stage
12%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, shoot, grain filling stage
16%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, root, tillering stage
6%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, root, booting stage
34%

 
 

McMaster et al. (1999)
growth chambers, root, grain filling stage
39%

 
 

Mitchell et al. (1995)
4 dm3 pots in controlled environment chambers, full season at ambient temperature; grain yield
32%

 
 

Mitchell et al. (1995)
4 dm3 pots in controlled environment chambers, full season at ambient temperature + 4°C; grain yield
35%

 
 

Mitchell et al. (1996)
cv. Mercia; 30-cm deep boxes in controlled environment chambers for full season; grain yield
18%

 
 

Monje and Bugbee (1998)
controlled environment chamber, seed yield
 

 
14%

Morison and Gifford (1984)
pots (3.2 kg soil)
73%

 
 

Mulholland et al. (1997)
Grown from seed in field within open-top chambers for full season (27 ppb O3); cv. Minaret; grain dry weight
26%

 
 

Mulholland et al. (1997)
Grown from seed in field within open-top chambers for full season (60 ppb O3); cv. Minaret; grain dry weight
36%

 
 

Musgrave and Strain (1988)
pots (0.6 liters)
 

37%
 

Musgrave and Strain (1988)
pots (0.6 liters)
 

87%
 

Pal et al. (2003/4)
Well-watered plants in pots supplied with high concentrations of soil nitrogen (150 Kg ha-1, respectively) that were grown from seed for 90 days in sunlit open-top chambers
23%

 
 

Pal et al. (2003/4)
Well-watered plants in pots supplied with low concentrations of soil nitrogen (75 Kg ha-1, respectively) that were grown from seed for 90 days in sunlit open-top chambers
14%

 
 

Pal et al. (2005)
Plants grown for 40 days in pots within open-top-chambers at low soil nitrogen application (75 kg/ha)
120%

 
 

Pal et al. (2005)
Plants grown for 40 days in pots within open-top-chambers at normal soil nitrogen application (150 kg/ha)
136%

 
 

Pal et al. (2005)
Plants grown for 90 days in pots within open-top-chambers at low soil nitrogen application (75 kg/ha)
110%

 
 

Pal et al. (2005)
Plants grown for 90 days in pots within open-top-chambers at normal soil nitrogen application (150 kg/ha)
124%

 
 

Pleijel et al. (1998)
Grown for a full season in the field within open-top chambers: above-ground; cv. Dragon
30%

 
 

Pleijel et al. (1998)
Grown for a full season in the field within open-top chambers: above-ground; cv. Dragon
 

 
 

Pleijel et al. (2000)
Grown in the field in open-top chambers: normal O3; cv. Dragon
27%

 
 

Pleijel et al. (2000)
Grown in the field in open-top chambers: twice normal O3; cv. Dragon
14%

 
 

Pleijel et al. (2000)
Grown in the field in open-top chambers: normal irrigation; cv. Dragon
10%

 
 

Pleijel et al. (2000)
Grown in the field in open-top chambers: increased irrigation; cv. Dragon
10%

 
 

Prior et al. (2005)
Grain yield of plants grown from seed to maturity within open-top chambers constructed upon 7-m x 76-m x 2-m-deep soil bins filled with a reconstructed Decatur silt loam
31%

 
 

Qiao et al. (2010)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers under well-watered conditions at China's Luancheng Agro-Eco Experimental Station
5%

 
 

Qiao et al. (2010)
Aboveground biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers under droughty conditions at China's Luancheng Agro-Eco Experimental Station
11%

 
 

Qiao et al. (2010)
Grain yield of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers under well-watered conditions at China's Luancheng Agro-Eco Experimental Station
6%

 
 

Qiao et al. (2010)
Grain yield of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers under droughty conditions at China's Luancheng Agro-Eco Experimental Station
9%

 
 

Saebo and Mortensen (1996)
Plants grown from seed in 20-cm-deep boxes in field within open-top chambers in cool climate; total biomass
11%

 
 

Saebo and Mortensen (1996)
Plants grown from seed in 20-cm-deep boxes in field within open-top chambers in cool climate; grain yield
8%

 
 

Schulze and Merbach (2008)
Root plus shoot biomass of well-fertilized plants grown from seed for three weeks within plexiglass chambers in pots filled with a sandy loam soil that was maintained at a soil moisture content of 35 to 40% field capacity (FC)
21%

 
 

Schulze and Merbach (2008)
Root plus shoot biomass of well-fertilized plants grown from seed for three weeks within plexiglass chambers in pots filled with a sandy loam soil that was maintained at a soil moisture content of 55 to 60% field capacity (FC)
23%

 
 

Schutz and Fangmeier (2001)
pots in open top chambers, well watered
42%

 
 

Schutz and Fangmeier (2001)
pots in open top chambers, water stressed
60%

 
 

Seneweera and Conroy (2005)
Shoot biomass of well watered and fertilized plants grown in pots within controlled-environment chambers for 30 days prior to harvest
33%

 
 

Sharma-Natu et al. (1997)
Grain biomass of the cultivar Kalyansona grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers
49%

 
 

Sharma-Natu et al. (1997)
Grain biomass of the cultivar Kundan grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers
10%

 
 

Sinha et al. (2011)
Plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in a FACE facility in New Delhi, India
155%

 
 

Sun et al. (2009)
Well watered plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in Sanhe County, Hebei Province, China, in plastic pots within open-top chambers
15%

 
 

Tausz-Posch et al. (2012)
Above-ground biomass of plants of the cultivar Hartog grown from seed to maturity in a range of environments, including rain-fed and irrigated, at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) facility 7 km west of Horsham, Victoria, Australia
24%

 
 

Tausz-Posch et al. (2012)
Grain yield of plants of the cultivar Hartog grown from seed to maturity in a range of environments, including rain-fed and irrigated, at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) facility 7 km west of Horsham, Victoria, Australia
16%

 
 

Tausz-Posch et al. (2012)
Above-ground biomass of plants of the cultivar Drysdale grown from seed to maturity in a range of environments, including rain-fed and irrigated, at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) facility 7 km west of Horsham, Victoria, Australia
47%

 
 

Tausz-Posch et al. (2012)
Grain yield biomass of plants of the cultivar Drysdale grown from seed to maturity in a range of environments, including rain-fed and irrigated, at the Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE) facility 7 km west of Horsham, Victoria, Australia
51%

 
 

Teramura et al. (1990)
pots (0.5 liters to 20 liters)
51%

 
 

Tiedemann and Firsching (2000)
controlled environment chambers,non-inocculated, ambient ozone
-3%

 
 

Tiedemann and Firsching (2000)
controlled environment chambers,non-inocculated, high ozone
48%

 
 

Tiedemann and Firsching (2000)
controlled environment chambers, inocculated, ambient ozone
3%

 
 

Tiedemann and Firsching (2000)
controlled environment chambers, inocculated, high ozone
72%

 
 

Uddling et al. (2008)
Grain biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors 50 km northeast of Goteborg, Sweden, in open-top chambers at normal water supply (10 mm every second day)
-5%

 
 

Uddling et al. (2008)
Grain biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors 50 km northeast of Goteborg, Sweden, in open-top chambers at high water supply (20 mm every second day, respectively)
3%

 
 

Ulman et al. (2000)
plexiglass chambers
9%

 
 

Van Vuuren et al. (1997)
growth chambers, wet treatment
5%

 
 

Van Vuuren et al. (1997)
growth chambers, dry treatment
9%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers; cv. Martina
13%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 400 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Martina
46%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Martina
40%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil; cv. Martina
29%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers; cv. Emma
18%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 400 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Emma
54%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Emma
54%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil; cv. Emma
40%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers; cv. Mezofold
6%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 400 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Mezofold
30%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil and 200 mg/kg P; cv. Mezofold
38%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2005)
Controlled environment chambers with ten installments of 800 mg N active agents/kg dry soil; cv. Mezofold
29%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2008)
Grain yield of Libellula variety plants grown in a phytotron under well-watered conditions
16%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2008)
Grain yield of Libellula variety plants grown in a phytotron under drought conditions, where water was withheld from the 10th day after heading, during which time soil volumetric water content dropped from approximately 25% to 6%
22%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2008)
Grain yield of Mv Lona variety plants grown in a phytotron under well-watered conditions
27%

 
 

Veisz et al. (2008)
Grain yield of Mv Lona variety plants grown in a phytotron under drought conditions, where water was withheld from the 10th day after heading, during which time soil volumetric water content dropped from approximately 25% to 6%
27%

 
 

Wechsungn et al. (1999)
Season-long FACE study, average of wet and dry treatments, root biomass in-row
37%

 
 

Wechsungn et al. (1999)
Season-long FACE study, average of wet and dry treatments, root biomass inter-row
117%

 
 

Weigel et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of well-watered plants grown from seed to harvest in a FACE study under standard nitrogen application
25%

 
 

Weigel et al. (2005)
Aboveground biomass of well-watered plants grown from seed to harvest in a FACE study under sub-standard nitrogen application (50% of standard)
20%

 
 

Weigel and Manderscheid (2005)
Mean results of a number of experiments conducted at the Institute of Agroecology of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Braunschweig, Germany, over the period 1992-2000, in experimental settings ranging from controlled environment chambers to out-of-doors open-top chambers (OTCs) to free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE): Old cultivars
39%

 
 

Weigel and Manderscheid (2005)
Mean results of a number of experiments conducted at the Institute of Agroecology of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Braunschweig, Germany, over the period 1992-2000, in experimental settings ranging from controlled environment chambers to out-of-doors open-top chambers (OTCs) to free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE); Modern cultivars
25%

 
 

Wu et al. (2004)
Shoot biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in controlled environment chambers at a soil water level 40% of field water capacity
45%

 
 

Wu et al. (2004)
Shoot biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in controlled environment chambers at a soil water level 80% of field water capacity
76%

 
 

Wu et al. (2004)
Grain biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in controlled-environment growth chambers at a soil water level of 80% of field water capacity)
142%

 
 

Wu et al. (2004)
Grain biomass of plants grown from seed to maturity in pots in controlled-environment growth chambers at a soil water level of 40% of field water capacity)
67%

 
 

Wu et al. (2006)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots within open-top chambers
50%

 
 

Zhu et al. (2008)
Normal grain per ear biomass of plants in a FACE study
26%

 
 

Zhu et al. (2008)
Grain per ear biomass of plants in a FACE study (flag leaf darkened from 1 week after anthesis to maturity)
77%

 
 

Zhu et al. (2008)
Grain per ear biomass of plants in a FACE study (ear darkened from 1 week after anthesis to maturity)
31%

 
 

Ziska (2008)
Total vegetative biomass of three-year field study well watered and fertilized plants of a cultivar (Marquis, introduced into North America in 1903) grown within aluminum-chambers
59%

 
 

Ziska (2008)
Grain only biomass of three-year field study well watered and fertilized plants of a cultivar (Marquis, introduced into North America in 1903) grown within aluminum-chambers
77%

 
 

Ziska (2008)
Total vegetative biomass of three-year field study well watered and fertilized plants of a cultivar (Oxen, released in 1996) grown within aluminum-chambers
26%

 
 

Ziska (2008)
Grain only biomass of three-year field study well watered and fertilized plants of a cultivar (Oxen, released in 1996) grown within aluminum-chambers
19%

 
 

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