Photosynthesis (Net CO2 Exchange Rate) References
Triticum aestivum L. [Common Wheat]


Agrawal, M. and Deepak, S.S. 2003. Physiological and biochemical responses of two cultivars of wheat to elevated levels of CO2 and SO2 singly and in combination. Environmental Pollution 121: 189-197.

Asif, M., Zora, S., Ceylan, Y., Rehman, R. and Ozturk, L. 2020. Nitrogen supply in combination of nitrate and ammonium enhances harnessing of elevated atmospheric CO2 through improved nitrogen and carbon metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Crop & Pasture Science 71: 101-112.

Balaguer, L., Barnes, J.D., Panicucci, A. and Borland, A.M. 1995. Production and utilization of assimilates in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves exposed to elevated O3 and/or CO2. New Phytologist 129: 557-568.

Brooks, T.J., Wall, G.W., Pinter Jr., P.J., Kimball, B.A., LaMorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J. and Webber, A.N. 2000. Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 3. Canopy architecture and gas exchange. Photosynthesis Research 66: 97-108.

Bunce, J.A. 1998. The temperature dependence of the stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide in wheat and barley. Journal of Experimental Botany 49: 1555-1561.

Christ, R.A. and Korner, C. 1995. Responses of shoot and root gas exchange, leaf blade expansion and biomass production to pulses of elevated CO2 in hydroponic wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 46: 1661-1667.

Del Pozo, A., Perez, P., Morcuende, R., Alonso, A. and Martinez-Carrasco, R. 2005. Acclimatory responses of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis to elevated CO2 and temperature in wheat crops grown at varying levels of N supply in a Mediterranean environment. Plant Science 169: 908-916.

Delgado, E., Mitchell, R.A.C., Parry, M.A.J., Driscoll, S.P., Mitchell, V.J. and Lawlor, D.W. 1994. Interacting effects of CO2 concentration, temperature and nitrogen supply on the photosynthesis and composition of winter wheat leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 17: 1205-1213.

De Mothes, M.A.G. and Knoppik, D. 1994. Effects of long-term enhanced CO2 partial pressure on gas exchange parameters and saccharide pools of wheat leaves. Photosynthetica 30: 435-445.

Dijkstra, P., Schapendonk, A.H.M.C., Groenwold, K., Jansen, M. and Van de Geijn, S.C. 1999. Seasonal changes in the response of winter wheat to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration grown in open-top chambers and field tracking enclosures. Global Change Biology 5: 563-576.

Du Cloux, H.C., Andre, M., Gerbaud, A. and Daguenet, A. 1989. Wheat response to CO2 enrichment: Effect on photosynthetic and photorespiratory characteristics. Photosynthetica 23: 145-153.

Evans, J.R. 1986. The relationship between carbon-dioxide-limited photosynthetic rate and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate-carboxylase content in two nuclear-cytoplasm substitution lines of wheat, and the coordination of ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylation and electron-transport capacities. Planta 167: 351-358.

Garcia, R.L., Long, S.P., Wall, G.W., Osborne, C.P., Kimball, B.A., Nie, G.Y., Pinter Jr., P.J., LaMorte, R.L. and Wechsung, F. 1998. Photosynthesis and conductance of spring-wheat leaves: field response to continuous free-air atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 659-669.

Habash, D.Z., Paul, M.J., Parry, M.A.J., Keys, A.J. and Lawlor, D.W. Increased capacity for photosynthesis in wheat grown at elevated CO2: the relationship between electron transport and carbon metabolism. Planta 197: 482-489.

Hakala, K., Helio, R., Tuhkanen, E. and Kaukoranta T. 1999. Photosynthesis and Rubisco kinetics in spring wheat and meadow fescue under conditions of simulated climate change with elevated CO2 and increased temperatures. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 8: 441-457.

Harnos, N., Tuba, Z. and Szente, K. 2002. Modelling net photosynthetic rate of winter wheat in elevated air CO2 concentrations. Photosynthetica 40: 293-300.

Havelka, U.D., Wittenbach, V.A. and Boyle, M.G. 1984. CO2-enrichment effects on wheat yield and physiology. Crop Science 24: 1163-1168.

Li, F., Kang, S., Zhang, J. and Cohen, S. 2003. Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment, water status and applied nitrogen on water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies of wheat. Plant and Soil 254: 279-289.

Li, X., Ulfat, A., Shokat, S., Liu, S., Zhu, X. and Liu, F. 2019. Responses of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in leaf and spike to CO2 elevation and nitrogen fertilization and their relations to grain yield in wheat. Environmental and Experimental Botany 164: 149-156.

Liu, H.Q., Jiang, G.M., Zhang, Q.D., Sun, J.Z., Guo, R.J., Gao, L.M., Bai, K.Z. and Kuang, T.Y. 2002. Gas exchange responses to CO2 concentration instantaneously elevated in flag leaves of winter wheat cultivars released in different years. Phototsynthetica 40: 237-242.

Martinez-Carrasco, R., Perez, P. and Morcuende, R. 2005. Interactive effects of elevated CO2, temperature and nitrogen on photosynthesis of wheat grown under temperature gradient tunnels. Environmental and Experimental Botany 54: 49-59.

McMaster, G.S., LeCain, D.R., Morgan, J.A., Aiguo, L. and Hendrix, D.L. 1999. Elevated CO2 increases wheat CER, leaf and tiller development, and shoot and root growth. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 183: 119-128.

Mitchell, R.A.C., Black, C.R., Burkart, S., Burke, J.I., Donnelly, A., de Temmerman, L., Fangmeier, A., Mulholland, B.J., Theobald, J.C. and van Oijen, M. 1999. Photosynthetic responses in spring wheat grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and stree conditions in the European, multiple-site experiment 'ESPACE-wheat'. European Journal of Agronomy 10: 205-214.

Monje, O. and Bugbee, B. 1998. Adaptation to high CO2 concentration in an optimal environment: radiation capture, canopy quantum yield and carbon use efficiency. Plant, Cell and Environment 21: 315-324.

Osborne, C.P., LaRoche, J., Garcia, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Pinter, P.J., Jr., LaMorte, R.L., Hendrey, G.R. and Long, S.P. 1998. Does leaf position within a canopy affect acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2? Plant Physiology 117: 1037-1045.

Pal, M., Rao, L.S., Jain, V., Srivastava, A.C., Pandey, R., Raj, A. and Singh, K.P. 2005. Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on wheat growth and photosynthesis. Biologia Plantarum 49: 467-470.

Pandurangam, V., Sharma-Natu, P., Sreekanth, B. and Ghildiyal, M.C. 2006. Photosynthetic response of wheat and sunflower cultivars to long-term exposure of elevated carbon dioxide concentration. Photosynthetica 44: 586-590.

Perchorowicz, J.T. and Jensen, R.G. 1983. Photosynthesis and activation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in wheat seedlings. Regulation by CO2 and O2. Plant Physiology 71: 955-960.

Santruckova, H., Santrucek, J., Kveton, J., Simkova, M., Elhottova, D. and Rohacek, K. 1999. Carbon balance of a winter wheat-root microbiota system under elevated CO2. Photosynthetica 36: 341-354.

Sicher, R.C. and Bunce, J.A. 1997. Relationship of photosynthetic acclimation to changes of Rubisco activity in field-grown winter wheat and barley during growth in elevated carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Research 52: 27-38.

Srivastava, A.C., Khanna, Y.P., Meena, R.C., Pal, M. and Sengupta, U.K. 2002. Diurnal changes in photosynthesis, sugars, and nitrogen of wheat and mungbean grown under elevated CO2 concentration. Photosynthetica 40: 221-225.

Thilakarathne, C.L., Tausz-Posch, S., Cane, K., Norton, R.M., Fitzgerald, G.J., Tausz, M. and Seneweera, S. 2015. Intraspecific variation in leaf growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Australian Grain Free Air CO2 Enrichment (AGFACE): is it regulated through carbon and/or nitrogen supply? Functional Plant Biology 42: 299-308.

Tiedemann, A.V. and Firsching, K.H. 2000. Interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat. Environmental Pollution 108: 357-363.

Wang, D., Heckathorn, S.A., Barua, D., Joshi, P., Hamilton, E.W. and LaCroix, J.J. 2008. Effects of elevated CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat stress in C3, C4, and CAM species. American Journal of Botany 95: 165-176.

Wu, D.-X., Wang, G.-X., Bai, Y.-F., Liao, J.-X. and Ren, H.-X. 2002. Response of growth and water use efficiency of spring wheat to whole season CO2 enrichment and drought. Acta Botanica Sinica 44: 1477-1483.

Yu, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y. and Shi, P. 2004. Simulation of the stomatal conductance of winter wheat in response to light, temperature and CO2 change. Annals of Botany 93: 435-441.

Zhu, C.-W., Zhu, J.-G., Liu, G., Zeng, Q., Xie, Z.-B., Pang, J., Feng, Z.-Z., Tang, H.-Y. and Wang, L. 2008. Elevated CO2 concentration enhances the role of the ear to the flag leaf in determining grain yield of wheat. Photosynthetica 46: 318-320.


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