Photosynthesis (Net CO2 Exchange Rate) References
Lolium perenne L. [Perennial Ryegrass]


Aeschlimann, U., Nosberger, J., Edwards, P.J., Schneider, M.K., Richter, M. and Blum, H. 2005. Responses of net ecosystem CO2 exchange in managed grassland to long-term CO2 enrichment, N fertilization and plant species. Plant, Cell and Environment 28: 823-833.

Ainsworth, E.A., Davey, P.A., Hymus, G.J., Osborne, C.P., Rogers, A., Blum, H., Nosberger, J. and Long, S.P. 2003. Is stimulation of leaf photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide concentration maintained in the long term? A test with Lolium perenne grown for 10 years at two nitrogen fertilization levels under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE). Plant, Cell and Environment 26: 705-714.

Beerling, D.J. and Woodward, F.I. 1995. Leaf stable carbon isotope composition records increased water-use efficiency of C3 plants in response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Functional Ecology 9: 394-401.

Casella, E. and Soussana, J-F. 1997. Long-term effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature increase on the carbon balance of a temperate grass sward. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1309-1321.

Ferris, R., Nijs, I., Behaeghe, T. and Impens, I. 1996. Contrasting CO2 and temperature effects on leaf growth of perennial ryegrass in spring and summer. Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 1033-1043.

Guo, J., Trotter, C.M. and Newton, P.C.D. 2006. Initial observations of increased requirements for light-energy dissipation in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) when source/sink ratios become high at a naturally grazed Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) site. Functional Plant Biology 33: 1045-1053.

Hunt, R., Hand, D.W., Hannah, M.A. and Neal, A.M. 1991. Response to CO2 enrichment in 27 herbaceous species. Functional Ecology 5: 410-421.

Isopp, H., Frehner, M., Long, S.P. and Nosberger, J. 2000a. Sucrose-phosphate synthase responds differently to source-sink relations and to photosynthetic rates: Lolium perenne L. growing at elevated pCO2 in the field. Plant, Cell and Environment 23: 597-607.

Isopp, H., Frehner, M., Almeida, J.P.F., Blum, H., Daepp, M., Hartwig, U.A., Luscher, A., Suter, D. and Nosberger, J. 2000b. Nitrogen plays a major role in leaves when source-sink relations change: C and N metabolism in Lolium perenne growing under free air CO2 enrichment. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 27: 851-858.

Jia, Y., Tang, S., Wang, R., Ju, X., Ding, Y., Tu, S. and Smith, D.L. 2010. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth, photosynthesis, elemental composition, antioxidant level, and phytochelatin concentration in Lolium mutiflorum and Lolium perenne under Cd stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials 180: 384-394.

Newton, P.C.D., Clark, H., Bell, C.C., Glasgow, E.M., Tate, K.R., Ross, D.J., Yeates, G.W. and Saggar, S. 1995. Plant growth and soil processes in temperate grassland communities at elevated CO2. Journal of Biogeography 22: 235-240.

Nijs, I., Impens, I. and Behaeghe, T. 1989. Leaf and canopy responses of Lolium perenne to long-term elevated atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration. Planta 177: 312-320.

Nijs, I. and Impens, I. 1996. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and climate-warming on photosynthesis during winter in Lolium perenne. Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 915-924.

Overdieck, D. and Bossemeyer, D. 1985. Longterm effects of CO2 enrichment on CO2 gas exchange of a model-ecosystem. Angewandte Botanik 59: 179-198.

Rogers, A., Fischer, B.U., Bryant, J., Frehner, M., Blum, H., Raines, C.A. and Long, S.P. 1998. Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 under low-nitrogen nutrition is affected by the capacity for assimilate utilization. Perennial ryegrass under free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant Physiology 118: 683-689.

Van den Berge, J., Naudts, K., Janssens, I.A., Ceulemans, R. and Nijs, I. 2011. Does the stress tolerance of mixed grassland communities change in a future climate? A test with heavy metal stress (zinc pollution). Environmental Pollution 159: 3294-3301.

von Caemmerer, S., Ghannoum, O., Conroy, J.P., Clark, H. and Newton, P.C.D. 2001. Photosynthetic responses of temperate species to free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) in a grazed New Zealand pasture. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28: 439-450.


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