Percent Photosynthesis (Net CO2 Exchange Rate) Increases for
300, 600 and 900 ppm Increases in the Air's CO2 Concentration:


For a more detailed description of this table, click here.

Glycine max (L.) Merr. [Soybean]


Statistics
 
300 ppm
600 ppm
900 ppm
 Number of Results
108
10
 
 Arithmetic Mean
50.9%
92.7%
 
 Standard Error
6.9%
15.9
 

Individual Experiment Results

Journal References
Experimental Conditions
300 ppm
600 ppm
900 ppm

Acock et al. (1985)
soil bins, growth chambers
40%

64%
 

Ainsworth et al. (2004)
Study conducted on Williams-dtl genotype at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA during pod-fill
31%

 
 

Ainsworth et al. (2004)
Study conducted on Williams genotype at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA during pod-fill
50%

 
 

Ainsworth et al. (2004)
Study conducted on Elf-dtl genotype at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA during pod-fill
68%

 
 

Ainsworth et al. (2004)
Study conducted on Elf genotype at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA during pod-fill
70%

 
 

Ainsworth et al. (2007)
Photosynthesis of mature leaves in vegetative 6 (V6) growth phase of plants grown under normal field conditions at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA
41%

 
 

Ainsworth et al. (2007)
Photosynthesis of developing leaves in reproductive 5 (R5) growth phase of plants grown under normal field conditions at the SoyFACE facility at Champaign, Illinois, USA
27%

 
 

Ayub et al. (2014)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed in controlled environment chambers, one to each 2.5-L pot containing a 50:50 mix of sand and a calcined attapulgite clay soil conditioner, as assessed 23 and 25 days after germination in the CO2-enriched (700 ppm) and ambient (400 ppm) chambers, respectively
41%

 
 

Bencke-Malato et al. (2019)
Net photosynthesis after 24 days of plants grown hydroponically in controlled environment chambers; cv Embrapa 48
77%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2006)
Photosynthesis of plants grown for two seasons under field conditions at the SoyFACE facility of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, with a 23% increase in atmospheric ozone concentration
34%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2006)
Photosynthesis of plants grown for two seasons under field conditions at the SoyFACE facility of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, without a 23% increase in atmospheric ozone concentration
42%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2007)
Photosynthesis of plants grown from seed to maturity under standard field conditions for four complete growing seasons at the SoyFACE facility in central Illinois (USA) at a high (385 mm/season) total evapotranspiration (ET)
48%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2007)
Photosynthesis of plants grown from seed to maturity under standard field conditions for four complete growing seasons at the SoyFACE facility in central Illinois (USA) at a modest (285 mm/season) total evapotranspiration (ET)
96%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2005)
Mean result of season-long FACE study of light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis; cv 93B15
27%

 
 

Bernacchi et al. (2005)
Mean result of season-long FACE study of light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis
33%

 
 

Booker et al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants, exposed to low (24 nmol O3/mol air) ozone concentrations, grown from seed sown in the ground in open-top chambers
43%

 
 

Booker et al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants, exposed to high (75 nmol O3/mol air) ozone concentrations, grown from seed sown in the ground in open-top chambers
57%

 
 

Booker et al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants, exposed to low (24 nmol O3/mol air) ozone concentrations, grown from seed sown in 15-liter pots in open-top chambers
25%

 
 

Booker et al. (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants, exposed to high (75 nmol O3/mol air) ozone concentrations, grown from seed sown in 15-liter pots in open-top chambers
55%

 
 

Booker and Fiscus (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in pots in open-top chambers in the absence of ozone 9-11 weeks after planting
8%

 
 

Booker and Fiscus (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in pots in open-top chambers in the presence of 1.5 x ambient ozone 9-11 weeks after planting
27%

 
 

Booker and Fiscus (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in pots in open-top chambers in the absence of ozone 12-14 weeks after planting
24%

 
 

Booker and Fiscus (2005)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in pots in open-top chambers in the presence of 1.5 x ambient ozone 12-14 weeks after planting
85%

 
 

Braga et al. (2006)
Three independent experiments where well-watered plants of two cultivars (IAC-14, IAC-18) were grown from seed through the cotyledon stage in pots within open-top chambers in a glasshouse; IAC-14, cotyledons
36%

 
 

Braga et al. (2006)
Three independent experiments where well-watered plants of two cultivars (IAC-14, IAC-18) were grown from seed through the cotyledon stage in pots within open-top chambers in a glasshouse; IAC-14, leaves
9%

 
 

Braga et al. (2006)
Three independent experiments where well-watered plants of two cultivars (IAC-14, IAC-18) were grown from seed through the cotyledon stage in pots within open-top chambers in a glasshouse; IAC-18, cotyledons
11%

 
 

Braga et al. (2006)
Three independent experiments where well-watered plants of two cultivars (IAC-14, IAC-18) were grown from seed through the cotyledon stage in pots within open-top chambers in a glasshouse; IAC-18, leaves
42%

 
 

Breen et al. (1986)
field
72%

 
 

Breen et al. (1986)
field
86%

 
 

Bunce (1995)
controlled environment chamber
30%

 
 

Bunce (2005a)
Upper-canopy leaves of mature plants growing out-of-doors in open-top chambers
41%

 
 

Bunce (2005b)
Midday photosynthesis of well fertilized plants exposed to normal precipitation while being grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers continually flushed with ambient air or with CO2-enriched air for 24 hours per day (day + night enrichment) for a total of four growing seasons
53%

 
 

Bunce (2005b)
Midday photosynthesis of well fertilized plants exposed to normal precipitation while being grown from seed to maturity out-of-doors in open-top chambers continually flushed with ambient air or with CO2-enriched air for 14 hours per day (day only enrichment) for a total of four growing seasons
29%

 
 

Bunce (2014)
Plants grown out-of-doors under 24-hours per day CO2 enrichment via FACE technology at Beltsville, Maryland, USA, with no irrigation or nitrogen fertilizer supplied to the field; cv Clark
49%

 
 

Bunce (2014)
Plants grown out-of-doors under 24-hours per day CO2 enrichment via FACE technology at Beltsville, Maryland, USA, with no irrigation or nitrogen fertilizer supplied to the field; cv Spencer
58%

 
 

Bunce and Nasyrov (2012)
Photosynthesis of first and second leaves of seedlings grown in 20-cm-diamerter pots – filled to a depth of 21 cm with a soil mixture containing a fertile silt loam soil, peat moss, and perlite in the ratio of 3:1:1 by volume – within controlled environment chambers under normal water conditions
11%

 
 

Bunce and Nasyrov (2012)
Photosynthesis of first and second leaves of seedlings grown in 20-cm-diamerter pots – filled to a depth of 21 cm with a soil mixture containing a fertile silt loam soil, peat moss, and perlite in the ratio of 3:1:1 by volume – within controlled environment chambers under water-stressed conditions
8%

 
 

Bunce and Ziska (1999)
controlled environment chamber
28%

 
 

Campbell et al. (1988)
soil bins, growth chambers, low light
0%

 
 

Campbell et al. (1988)
soil bins, growth chambers, high light
65%

 
 

Campbell et al. (1990)
soil bins, growth chambers, low light
114%

 
 

Campbell et al. (1990)
soil bins, growth chambers, high light
50%

 
 

Chen et al. (1993)
open-top chamber, irrigated plots, water added 1 hour before measurement
104%

 
 

Chen et al. (1993)
open-top chamber, irrigated plots, no water added 1 hour before measurement
93%

 
 

Chen et al. (1993)
open-top chamber, dry plots, water added 1 hour before measurement
332%

 
 

Chen et al. (1993)
open-top chamber, dry plots, no water added 1 hour before measurement
658%

 
 

Chen et al. (1995)
controlled environment
107%

 
 

Chen et al. (1995)
field
78%

 
 

Cure et al. (1989)
Well watered and fertilized seedlings in pots in growth chambers: main-stem leaves
80%

 
 

Dermody et al. (2006)
Plants grown in the field under standard agronomic practice in the SoyFACE facility at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, with CO2 enrichment during daylight hours only; sun leaves in 2001
30%

 
 

Dermody et al. (2006)
Plants grown in the field under standard agronomic practice in the SoyFACE facility at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, with CO2 enrichment during daylight hours only; shade leaves in 2001
14%

 
 

Dermody et al. (2006)
Plants grown in the field under standard agronomic practice in the SoyFACE facility at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, with CO2 enrichment during daylight hours only; shade leaves in 2002
23%

 
 

Ferris et al. (1998)
glasshouse compartments,before high temperature and water stress
27%

 
 

Ferris et al. (1998)
glasshouse compartments, after high temperature stress
27%

 
 

Ferris et al. (1998)
glasshouse compartments, after water stress
57%

 
 

Ferris et al. (1998)
glasshouse compartments, after high temperature and water stress
55%

 
 

Gillespie et al. (2012)
Photosynthesis of plants growing under standard agronomic conditions at the SoyFACE site at Urbana, Illinois (USA), measured on five days spread across the growing season from day-of-year 184 to 243
27%

 
 

Griffin et al. (1999)
controlled growth chambers, 8 weeks
 

21%
 

Griffin and Luo (1999)
greenhouses, rapidly expanding leaflets
13%

 
 

Griffin and Luo (1999)
greenhouses, fully expanded leaflets
24%

 
 

Hesketh et al. (1984)
field
40%

92%
 

Hesketh et al. (1984)
field
 

71%
 

Huber et al. (1984)
field
17%

 
 

Huber et al. (1984)
field
22%

 
 

Jones et al. (1985)
soil bins, growth chambers
 

122%
 

Jones et al. (1985)
soil bins, growth chambers
 

139%
 

Kanemoto et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown to the grain-filling stage in pots within a glasshouse and then transferred for 6 additional days to growth cabinets maintained at different air CO2 concentrations
 

80%
 

Kanemoto et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown to the grain-filling stage in pots within a glasshouse and then transferred for 27 additional days to growth cabinets maintained at different air CO2 concentrations
 

200%
 

Koti et al. (2007)
Average photosynthesis of six different genotypes grown from seed to maturity in 2.5-L pots in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units under well watered and fertilized conditions
17%

 
 

Koti et al. (2007)
Photosynthesis of greatest genotype responder of six different genotypes grown from seed to maturity in 2.5-L pots in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units under well watered and fertilized conditions
35%

 
 

Kretzschmar et al. (2009)
Well watered plants grown from seed for nine days in pots within open-top chambers in a glasshouse
77%

 
 

Lee et al. (1997)
open-top chambers
50%

 
 

Lee et al. (1997)
open-top chambers, sulfur dioxide added
67%

 
 

Li et al. (2013a)
Well-fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots filled with a 3:1 (vermiculite:perlite) mix and maintained at well-watered (60-70%) soil relative water content within enclosed-top glass chambers at the Luancheng Agro-Eco Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
32%

 
 

Li et al. (2013a)
Well-fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in pots filled with a 3:1 (vermiculite:perlite) mix and maintained at droughted (30-40%) soil relative water content within enclosed-top glass chambers at the Luancheng Agro-Eco Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
27%

 
 

Li et al. (2013b)
Fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity, 3 to each 6.18-L pot filled with a 3:1 mix of vermiculite:perlite, measured at the seed-filling stage under normal water conditions
18%

 
 

Li et al. (2013b)
Fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity, 3 to each 6.18-L pot filled with a 3:1 mix of vermiculite:perlite, measured at the seed-filling stage under drought conditions
36%

 
 

Matsunami et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed in pots within temperature-gradient chambers at elevated (ambient +4.5°C) air temperature measured at 35 days after sowing
34%

 
 

Matsunami et al. (2009)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed in pots within temperature-gradient chambers at elevated (ambient +4.5°C) air temperature measured at 69 days after sowing
16%

 
 

Patterson et al. (1984)
pots (0.75 liter), growth chambers
33%

 
 

Prior et al. (2010)
Plants growing from seed to maturity in mono-culture out-of-doors at Auburn, Alabama (USA) within open-top-chambers positioned on the surface of a Decatur silt loam filling a 7-m by 76-m soil bin in 1999, 2001 and 2003 under conditions of no tillage
47%

 
 

Prior et al. (2010)
Plants growing from seed to maturity in mono-culture out-of-doors at Auburn, Alabama (USA) within open-top-chambers positioned on the surface of a Decatur silt loam filling a 7-m by 76-m soil bin in 1999, 2001 and 2003 under conditions of conventional tillage
44%

 
 

Qiu et al. (2008)
Photosynthesis of fully-expanded leaves at the top of the canopy at the SoyFACE facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) in 2005
32%

 
 

Qiu et al. (2008)
Photosynthesis of fully-expanded leaves at the top of the canopy at the SoyFACE facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) in 2006 (full bloom, day 198)
36%

 
 

Qiu et al. (2008)
Photosynthesis of fully-expanded leaves at the top of the canopy at the SoyFACE facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) in 2006 (pod formation, day 213)
35%

 
 

Qiu et al. (2008)
Photosynthesis of fully-expanded leaves at the top of the canopy at the SoyFACE facility at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) in 2006 (pod fill, day 237)
16%

 
 

Rogers et al. (2004)
Mean daily integral of leaf CO2 uptake rate over a complete growing season at the SoyFACE facility of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; cv Pana
41%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 28/20°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 3 hours (am) after the start of the light period
17%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 28/20°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 7 hours (am) after the start of the light period
31%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 32/24°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 3 hours (am) after the start of the light period
27%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 32/24°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 7 hours (am) after the start of the light period
23%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 36/28°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 3 hours (am) after the start of the light period
22%

 
 

Sicher et al. (2013)
Well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed to maturity in 3-L plastic pots filled with vermiculite and located within controlled environment chambers at light/dark temperatures of 36/28°C, with measurements being made on the central leaflet of the third trifoliate leaf at 7 hours (am) after the start of the light period
19%

 
 

Singh and Reddy (2017)
Seasonal mean net photosynthesis of plants grown in controlled environment chambers under normal (control) levels of potassium (5.00 mM K); cv Spencer
21%

 
 

Singh and Reddy (2017)
Seasonal mean net photosynthesis of plants grown in controlled environment chambers under deficient levels of potassium (0.50 mM K); cv Spencer
11%

 
 

Singh and Reddy (2017)
Seasonal mean net photosynthesis of plants grown in controlled environment chambers under super deficient levels of potassium (0.02 mM K); cv Spencer
0%

 
 

Sionit et al. (1984)
pots (16.5 liter, 20 plants), and field, open-top chambers, pot grown plant
55%

 
 

Sionit et al. (1984)
pots (16.5 liter, 20 plants), and a field, open-top chambers, field grown plant
10%

 
 

Sionit et al. (1984)
pots (16.5 liter, 20 plants), and a field, open-top chambers, field: pot response
50%

 
 

Valle et al. (1985a)
bins, growth chambers
92%

 
 

Valle et al. (1985b)
field, growth chambers, low CO2 adapted
85%

30%
 

Valle et al. (1985b)
field, growth chambers, high CO2 adapted
 

108%
 

Vu et al. (1987)
cylinders, growth chambers
29%

 
 

Vu et al. (1987)
cylinders, growth chambers, well-watered
22%

 
 

Vu et al. (1987)
cylinders, growth chambers, water-stressed
0%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the full-bloom stage (53 days after sowing) of well-watered (soil water content of 60-80% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2013; cv Zhonghuang 35
40%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the full-bloom stage (53 days after sowing) of water-stressed (soil water content of 35-45% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2013; cv Zhonghuang 35
81%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the full-bloom stage (51 days after sowing) of well-watered (soil water content of 60-80% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2014; cv Zhonghuang 35
58%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the full-bloom stage (51 days after sowing) of water-stressed (soil water content of 35-45% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2014; cv Zhonghuang 35
192%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the seed filling stage (80 days after sowing) of well-watered (soil water content of 60-80% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2013; cv Zhonghuang 35
54%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the seed filling stage (80 days after sowing) of water-stressed (soil water content of 35-45% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2013; cv Zhonghuang 35
-11%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the seed filling stage (82 days after sowing) of well-watered (soil water content of 60-80% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2014; cv Zhonghuang 35
70%

 
 

Wang et al. (2018)
Net photosynthesis at the seed filling stage (82 days after sowing) of water-stressed (soil water content of 35-45% of relative water content) and fertilized plants grown in open-top chambers in 2014; cv Zhonghuang 35
32%

 
 

Wang et al. (2008)
Photosynthesis of well watered and fertilized plants grown from seed at their optimal daytime temperature for about six weeks in growth chambers within 5-L pots filled with a 1:1:1 mixture of top-soil, sand and perlite
37%

 
 

Ziska et al. (2001)
glasshouse
73%

 
 

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