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Photosynthesis (Net CO2 Exchange Rate) References
Betula papyrifera Marsh. [Paper Birch]
Cao, B., Dang, Q.-L. and Zhang, S. 2007. Relationship between photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen concentration in ambient and elevated [CO2] in white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 27: 891-899.
Catovsky, S. and Bazzaz F.A. Elevated CO2 influences the responses of two birch species to soil moisture: implications for forest communitey structure. Global Change Biology 5: 507-518.
Ellsworth, D.S., Reich, P.B., Naumburg, E.S., Koch, G.W., Kubiske, M.E. and Smith, S.D. 2004. Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert. Global Change Biology 10: 2121-2138.
Gu, M., Robbins, J.A., Rom, C.R. and Choi, H.-S. 2008. Photosynthesis of birch genotypes (Betula L.) under varied irradiance and CO2 concentration. HortScience 43: 314-319.
Karnosky, D.F., Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S., Awmack, C.S., Bockheim, J.G., Dickson, R.E., Hendrey, G.R., Host, G.E., King, J.S., Kopper, B.J., Kruger, E.L., Kubiske, M.E., Lindroth, R.L., Mattson, W.J., McDonald, E.P., Noormets, A., Oksanen, E., Parsons, W.F.J., Percy, K.E., Podila, G.K., Riemenschneider, D.E., Sharma, P., Thakur, R., Sober, A., Sober, J., Jones, W.S., Anttonen, S., Vapaavuori, E., Mankovska, B., Heilman, W. and Isebrands, J.G. 2005. Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Functional Ecology 17: 289-304.
Kubiske, M.E. and Pregitzer, K.S. 1996. Effects of elevated CO2 and light availability on the photosynthetic light response of trees of contrasting shade tolerance. Tree Physiology 16: 351-358.
Kubiske, M.E. and Pregitzer, K.S. 1997. Ecophysiological responses to simulated canopy gaps of two tree species of contrasting shade tolerance in elevated CO2. Functional Ecology 11: 24-32.
Riikonen, J., Kets, K., Darbah, J., Oksanen, E., Sober, A., Vapaavuori, E., Kubiske, M.E., Nelson, N. and Karnosky, D.F. 2008. Carbon gain and bud physiology in Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera grown under long-term exposure to elevated concentrationsa of CO2 and O3. Tree Physiology 28: 243-254.
Sefcik, L.T., Zak, D.R. and Ellsworth, D.S. 2006. Photosynthetic responses to understory shade and elevated carbon dioxide concentration in four northern hardwood tree species. Tree Physiology 26: 1589-1599.
Tjoelker, M.G., Oleksyn, J. and Reich, P.B. 1998. Seedlings of five boreal tree species differ in acclimation of net photosynthesis to elevated CO2 and temperature. Tree Physiology 18: 715-726.
Zhang, S. and Dang, Q.-L. 2005. Effects of soil temperature and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on gas exchange, in vivo carboxylation and chlorophyll fluorescence in jack pine and white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 25: 523-531.
Zhang, S. and Dang, Q.-L. 2006. Effects of carbon dioxide concentration and nutrition on photosynthetic functions of white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 26: 1457-1467.