Photosynthesis (Net CO2 Exchange Rate) References
Betula papyrifera [Paper Birch]


Ambebe, T.F. and Dang, Q.-L. 2009. Low moisture availability inhibits the enhancing effect of increased soil temperature on net photosynthesis of white birch (Betula papyrifera) seedlings grown under ambient and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Tree Physiology 29: 1341-1348.

Cao, B., Dang, Q.-L. and Zhang, S. 2007. Relationship between photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen concentration in ambient and elevated [CO2] in white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 27: 891-899.

Catovsky, S. and Bazzaz F.A. Elevated CO2 influences the responses of two birch species to soil moisture: implications for forest communitey structure. Global Change Biology 5: 507-518.

Darbah, J.N.T., Sharkey, T.D., Calfapietra, C. and Karnosky, D.F. 2010. Differential response of aspen and birch trees to heat stress under elevated carbon dioxide. Environmental Pollution 158: 1008-1014.

Ellsworth, D.S., Reich, P.B., Naumburg, E.S., Koch, G.W., Kubiske, M.E. and Smith, S.D. 2004. Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free-air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert. Global Change Biology 10: 2121-2138.

Gu, M., Robbins, J.A., Rom, C.R. and Choi, H.-S. 2008. Photosynthesis of birch genotypes (Betula L.) under varied irradiance and CO2 concentration. HortScience 43: 314-319.

Karnosky, D.F., Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S., Awmack, C.S., Bockheim, J.G., Dickson, R.E., Hendrey, G.R., Host, G.E., King, J.S., Kopper, B.J., Kruger, E.L., Kubiske, M.E., Lindroth, R.L., Mattson, W.J., McDonald, E.P., Noormets, A., Oksanen, E., Parsons, W.F.J., Percy, K.E., Podila, G.K., Riemenschneider, D.E., Sharma, P., Thakur, R., Sober, A., Sober, J., Jones, W.S., Anttonen, S., Vapaavuori, E., Mankovska, B., Heilman, W. and Isebrands, J.G. 2005. Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Functional Ecology 17: 289-304.

Kubiske, M.E. and Pregitzer, K.S. 1996. Effects of elevated CO2 and light availability on the photosynthetic light response of trees of contrasting shade tolerance. Tree Physiology 16: 351-358.

Kubiske, M.E. and Pregitzer, K.S. 1997. Ecophysiological responses to simulated canopy gaps of two tree species of contrasting shade tolerance in elevated CO2. Functional Ecology 11: 24-32.

Riikonen, J., Kets, K., Darbah, J., Oksanen, E., Sober, A., Vapaavuori, E., Kubiske, M.E., Nelson, N. and Karnosky, D.F. 2008. Carbon gain and bud physiology in Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera grown under long-term exposure to elevated concentrationsa of CO2 and O3. Tree Physiology 28: 243-254.

Sefcik, L.T., Zak, D.R. and Ellsworth, D.S. 2006. Photosynthetic responses to understory shade and elevated carbon dioxide concentration in four northern hardwood tree species. Tree Physiology 26: 1589-1599.

Tjoelker, M.G., Oleksyn, J. and Reich, P.B. 1998. Seedlings of five boreal tree species differ in acclimation of net photosynthesis to elevated CO2 and temperature. Tree Physiology 18: 715-726.

Zhang, S. and Dang, Q.-L. 2005. Effects of soil temperature and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on gas exchange, in vivo carboxylation and chlorophyll fluorescence in jack pine and white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 25: 523-531.

Zhang, S. and Dang, Q.-L. 2006. Effects of carbon dioxide concentration and nutrition on photosynthetic functions of white birch seedlings. Tree Physiology 26: 1457-1467.

Zhang, S., Dang, Q.-L. and Cao, B. 2013. Nutrient supply has greater influence than sink strength on photosynthetic adaptation to CO2 elevation in white birch seedlings. Plant Science 203-204: 55-62.


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