Dry Weight (Biomass) References
Spinacia oleracea [Spinach]


Holbrook, G.P., Hansen, J., Wallick, K. and Zinnen, T.M. Starch accumulation during hydroponic growth of spinach and basil plants under carbon dioxide enrichment. Environmental and Experimental Botany 33: 313-321.

Jain, V., Pal, M., Raj, A. and Khetarpal, S. 2007. Photosynthesis and nutrient composition of spinach and fenugreek grown under elevated carbon dioxide concentration. Biologia Plantarum 51: 559-562.

Jin, C.W., Du, S.T., Zhang, Y.S., Tang, C. and Lin, X.Y. 2009. Atmospheric nitric oxide stimulates plant growth and improves the quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Annals of Applied Biology 155: 113-120.

Proietti, S., Moscatello, S., Giacomelli, G.A. and Battistelli, A. 2013. Influence of the interaction between light intensity and CO2 concentration on productivity and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in fully controlled environment. Advances in Space Research 52: 1193-1200.

Seo, Y., Ide, K., Kitahata, N., Kuchitsu, K. and Dowaki, K. 2017. Environmental impact and nutritional improvement of elevated CO2 treatment: A case study of spinach production. Sustainability 9: 1854; doi:10.3390/su9101854.


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