Dry Weight (Biomass) References
Glycine max (L.) Merr. [Soybean]


Ackerson, R.C., Havelka, U.D, and Boyle, M.G. 1984. CO2-enrichment effects on soybean physiology. II. Effects of stage-specific CO2 exposure. Crop Science 24: 1150-1154.

Allen, L.H., Jr., Vu, J.C.V., Valle, R.R., Boote, K.J. and Jones, P.H. 1988. Nonstructural carbohydrates and nitrogen of soybean grown under carbon dioxide enrichment. Crop Science 28: 84-94.

Allen, L.H., Jr., Bisbal, E.C., Boote, K.J. and Jones, P.H. 1991. Soybean dry matter allocation under subambient and superambient levels of carbon-dioxide. Agronomy Journal 83:875-883.

Amthor, J.S., Mitchell, R.J., Runion, G.B., Rogers, H.H., Prior, S.A. and Wood, C.W. 1994. Energy content, construction cost and phytomass accumulation of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench grown in elevated CO2 in the field. New Phytologist 128: 443-450.

Baker, J.T., Allen, L.H., Jr., Boote, K.J., Jones, P. and Jones, J.W. 1989. Response of soybean to air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. Crop Science 29: 98-105.

Bencke-Malato, M., De Souza, A.P., Ribeiro-Alves, M., Schmitz, J.F., Buckeridge, M.S. and Alves-Ferreira, M. 2019. Short-term responses of soybean roots to individual and combinatorial effects of elevated [CO2] and water deficit. Plant Science 280: 283-296.

Bernacchi, C.J., Kimball, B.A., Quarles, D.R., Long, S.P. and Ort, D.R. 2007. Decreases in stomatal conductance of soybean under open-air elevation of [CO2] are closely coupled with decreases in ecosystem evapotranspiration. Plant Physiology 143: 134-144.

Booker, F.L. and Fiscus, E.L. 2005. The role of ozone flux and antioxidants in the suppression of ozone injury by elevated CO2 in soybean. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 2139-2151.

Booker, F.L., Miller, J.E., Fiscus, E.L., Pursley, W.A. and Stefanski, L.A. 2005a. Comparative responses of container- versus ground-grown soybean to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone. Crop Science 45: 883-895.

Booker, F.L., Prior, S.A., Torbert, H.A., Fiscus, E.L., Pursley, W.A. and Hu, S. 2005b. Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3. Global Change Biology 11: 685-698.

Booker, F.L., Reid, C.D., Brunschon-Harti, S., Fiscus, E.L. and Miller, J.E. 1997. Photosynthesis and photorespiration in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] chronically exposed to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1843-1852.

Bunce, J.A. 1995. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the dark on the growth of soybean seedlings. Annals of Botany 75: 365-368.

Bunce, J.A. 2005a. Response of respiration of soybean leaves grown at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations to day-to-day variation in light and temperature under field conditions. Annals of Botany 95: 1059-1066.

Bunce, J.A. 2005b. Seed yield of soybeans with daytime or continuous elevation of carbon dioxide under field conditions. Photosynthetica 43: 435-438.

Bunce, J.A. 2014. Limitations to soybean photosynthesis at elevated carbon dioxide in free-air enrichment and open top chamber systems. Plant Science 226: 131-135.

Bunce, J.A. 2016. Responses of soybeans and wheat to elevated CO2 in free-air and open top chamber systems. Field Crops Research 186: 78-85.

Bunce, J.A. and Nasyrov, M. 2012. A new method of applying a controlled soil water stress, and its effect on the growth of cotton and soybean seedlings at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. Environmental and Experimental Botany 77: 165-169.

Campbell, W.J., Allen, L.H. Jr. and Bowes, G. 1988. Effects of CO2 concentration on rubisco activity, amount, and photosynthesis in soybean leaves. Plant Physiology 88: 1310-1316.

Castillo, D.D., Acock, B., Reddy, V.R. and Acock, M.C. 1989. Elongation and branching of roots on soybean plants in a carbon dioxide-enriched aerial environment. Agronomy Journal 81: 692-695.

Cure, J.D., Israel, D.W., and Rufty, T.W., Jr. 1988a. Nitrogen stress effects on growth and seed yield of nonnodulated soybean exposed to elevated carbon dioxide. Crop Science 28: 671-677.

Cure, J.D., Rufty, T.W., Jr., and Israel, D.W. 1988b. Phosphorus stress effects on growth and seed yield responses of nonnodulated soybean to elevated carbon dioxide. Agronomy Journal 80: 897-902.

Cure, J.D., Rufty, T.W., Jr. and Israel, D.W. 1989. Alterations in soybean leaf development and photosynthesis in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. Botanical Gazette 150: 337-345.

Deepak, S., and Agrawal, M. 2001. Influence of elevated CO2 on the sensitivity of two soybean cultivars to sulphur dioxide. Environmental and Experimental Botany 46:81-91.

Delucia, E.H., Sasek, T.W. and Strain, B.R. 1985. Photosynthetic inhibition after long-term exposure to elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Research 7: 175-184.

Dermody, O., Long, S.P., McConnaughay, K. and DeLucia, E.H. 2008. How do elevated CO2 and O3 affect the interception and utilization of radiation by a soybean canopy? Global Change Biology 14: 556-564.

Drag, D.W., Slattery, R., Siebers, M., DeLucia, E.H., Ort, D.R. and Bernacchi, C.J. 2020. Soybean photosynthetic and biomass responses to carbon dioxide concentrations ranging from pre-industrial to the distant future. Journal of Experimental Botany 71: 3690-3700.

Ferris, R., Wheeler, T.R., Ellis, R.H. and Hadley, P. 1999. Seed yield after environmental stress in soybean grown under elevated CO2. Crop Science 39: 710-718.

Fiscus, E.L., Booker, F.L., Dubois, J.-J. B., Rufty, T.W., Burton, J.W. and Pursley, W.A. 2007. Carbon dioxide enhancement effects in container- versus ground-grown soybean at equal planting densities. Crop Science 47: 2486-2494.

Fiscus, E.L., Reid, C.D., Miller, J.E., and Heagle, A.S. 1997. Elevated CO2 reduces O3 flux and O3-induced yield losses in soybeans: possible implications for elevated CO2 studies. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 307-313.

Griffin, K.L., Sims, D.A. and Seemann, J.R. 1999. Altered night-time CO2 concentration affects the growth, physiology and biochemistry of soybean. Plant, Cell and Environment 22: 91-99.

Hao, X., Gao, J., Han, X., Ma, Z., Merchant, A., Ju, H., Li, P., Yang, W., Gao, Z. and Lin, E. 2014. Effects of open-air elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on yield quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 192: 80-84.

Havelka, U.D., Ackerson, R.C., Boyle, M.G. and Wittenbach, V.A. 1984a. CO2-enrichment effects on soybean physiology. I. Effects of long-term CO2 exposure. Crop Science 24: 1146-1150.

Havelka, U.D., Wittenbach, V.A. and Boyle, M.G. 1984b. CO2-enrichment effects on wheat yield and physiology. Crop Science 24: 1163-1168.

Heagle, A.S., Miller, J.E. and Pursley, W.A. 1998. Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: III. Yield and seed quality. Crop Science 38: 128-134.

Heagle, A.S., Booker, F.L., Miller, J.E., Pursley, W.A. and Stefanski, L.A. 1999. Influence of daily carbon dioxide exposure duration and root environment on soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide. Journal of Environmental Quality 28: 666-675.

Heinemann, A.B., Maia, A. de H.N., Dourado-Neto, D., Ingram, K.T. and Hoogenboom, G. 2006. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth and development response to CO2 enrichment under different temperature regimes. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 52-61.

Hrubec, T.C., Robinson, J.M. and Donaldson, R.P. 1985. Effects of CO2 enrichment and carbohydrate content on the dark respiration of soybeans. Plant Physiology 79: 684-689.

Huber, S.C., Rogers, H. and Israel, D.W. 1984. Effects of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning in soybean (Glycine max) leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 62: 95-101.

Idso, S.B., Kimball, B.A., Anderson, M.G. and Mauney, J.R. 1987. Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: The interactive role of air temperature. Argiculture Ecosystems & Environment 20: 1-10.

Imai, K. and Murata, Y. 1979. Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on growth and dry matter production of crop plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 48: 409-417.

Jin, J., Li, Y., Liu, X., Wang, G., Tang, C., Yu, Z., Wang, X. and Herbert, S.J. 2017. Elevated CO2 alters distribution of nodal leaf area and enhances nitrogen uptake contributing to yield increase of soybean cultivars grown in Mollisols. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176688.

Jones, P., Allen, L.H., Jr., Jones, J.W., Boote, K.J. and Campbell, W.J. 1984. Soybean canopy growth, photosynthesis, and transpiration responses to whole-season carbon dioxide enrichment. Agronomy Journal 76: 633-637.

Juknys, R., Duchovskis, P., Sliesaravicius, A., Slepetys, J., Januskaitiene, I., Brazaityte, A., Ramaskeviciene, A., Lazauskas, S., Dedeliene, K., Sakalauskaite, J., Juozaityte, R., Kadziuliene, Z. and Diksaityte, A. 2011. Response of different agricultural plants to elevated CO2 and air temperature. Zemdirbyste=Agriculture 98: 259-266.

Kanemoto, K., Yamashita, Y., Ozawa, T., Imanishi, N., Nguyen, N.T., Suwa, R., Mohapatra, P.K., Kanai, S., Moghaieb, R.E., Ito, J., El-Shemy, H. and Fujita, K. 2009. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 is dependent on N partitioning and transpiration in soybean. Plant Science 177: 398-403.

Kim, S.-H., Jung, W.-S., Ahn, J.-K., Kim, J.-A. and Chung, I.-M. 2005. Quantitative analysis of the isoflavone content and biological growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) at elevated temperature, CO2 level and N application. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85: 2557-2566.

Köhler, I.H., Huber, S.C., Bernacchi, C.J. and Baxter, I.R. 2019. Increased temperatures may safeguard the nutritional quality of crops under future elevated CO2 concentrations. The Plant Journal 97: 872-886.

Koti, S., Reddy, K.R., Kakani, V.G., Zhao, D. and Gao, W. 2007. Effects of carbon dioxide, temperature and ultraviolet-B radiation and their interactions on soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development. Environmental and Experimental Botany 60: 1-10.

Lam, S.K., Hao, X., Lin, E., Han, X., Norton, R., Mosier, AR.., Seneweera, S. and Chen, D. 2012. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth and nitrogen fixation of two soybean cultivars in northern China. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48: 603-606.

Lee, E.H., Pausch, R.C., Rowland, R.A., Mulchi, C.L., Rudorff, B.F.T. 1997. Responses of field-grown soybean (cv. Essex) to elevated SO2 under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Environmental and Experimental Botany 37: 85-93.

Lenka, N.K., Lenka, S., Singh, K.K., Kumar, A., Aher, S.B., Yashona, D.S., Dey, P., Agrawal, P.K., Biswas, A.K. and Patra, A.K. 2019. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth, nutrient partitioning, and uptake of major nutrients by soybean under varied nitrogen application levels. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 182: 509-514.

Lenka, N.K., Lenka, S., Thakur, J.K., Elanchezhian, R., Sher, S.B., Simaiya, V., Yashona, D.S., Biswas, A.K., Agrawal, P.K. and Patra, A.K. 2017. Interactive effect of elevated carbon dioxide and elevated temperature on growth and yield of soybean. Current Science 113: 2305-2310.

Li, Y., Yu, Z., Liu, X., Mathesius, U., Wang, G., Tang, C., Wu, J., Liu, J., Zhang, S. and Jin, J. 2017. Elevated CO2 increases nitrogen fixation at the reproductive phase contributing to various yield responses of soybean cultivars. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1546, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01546.

Li, Y., Yu, Z., Yang, S., Jin, J., Wang, G., Liu, C., Herbert, S.J. and Liu, X. 2019. Soybean intraspecific genetic variation in response to elevated CO2. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 65: 1733-174.

Lincoln, D.E., Sionit, N. and Strain, B.R. 1984. Growth and feeding response of Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to host plants grown in controlled carbon dioxide atmospheres. Environmental Entomology 13: 1527-1530.

Matsunami, T., Otera, M., Amemiya, S., Kokubun, M. and Okada, M. 2009. Effect of CO2 concentration, temperature and N fertilization on biomass production of soybean genotypes differing in N fixation capacity. Plant Production Science 12: 156-167.

Miglietta, F., Raschi, A., Resti, R. and Badiani, M. 1993. Growth and onto-morphogenesis of soybean (Glycine max Merril) in an open, naturally CO2-enriched environment. Plant, Cell and Environment 16: 909-918.

Miller, J.E., Heagle, A.S. and Pursley, W.A. 1998. Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: II. Biomass and development. Crop Science 38: 122-128.

Miyagi, K.-M., Kinugasa, T., Hikosaka, K. and Hirose, T. 2007. Elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen use, and seed production in annual plants. Global Change Biology 13: 2161-2170.

Morgan, P.B., Bollero, G.A., Nelson, R.L., Dohleman, F.G. and Long, S.P. 2005. Smaller than predicted increase in aboveground net primary production and yield of field-grown soybean under fully open-air [CO2] elevation. Global Change Biology 11: 1856-1865.

Morison, J.I.L. and Gifford, R.M. 1984. Plant growth and water use with limited water supply in high CO2 concentrations. II. Plant dry weight, partitioning and water use efficiency. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 11: 375-384.

Nakamoto, H., Zheng, S-H., Tanaka, K., Yamazaki, A., Furuya, T., Iwaya-Inoue, M. and Fukuyama, M. 2004. Effects of carbon dioxide enrichment during different growth periods on flowering, pod set and seed yield in soybean. Plant Production Science 7: 11-15.

Nakamura, T., Koike, T., Lei, T., Ohashi, K., Shinano, T. and Tadano, T. 1999. The effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth of nodulated and non-nodulated isogenic types of soybean raised under two nitrogen concentrations. Photosynthetica 37: 61-70.

Oikawa, S., Miyagi, K.-M., Hikosaka, K., Okada, M., Matsunami, T., Kokubun, M., Kinugasa, T. and Hirose, T. 2010. Interactions between elevated CO2 and N2-fixation determine soybean yield -- a test using a non-nodulated mutant. Plant and Soil 330: 163-172.

Palacios, C.J., Grandis, A., Carvalho, V.J., Salatino, A. and Buckeridge, M.S. 2019. Isolated and combined effects of elevated CO2 and high temperature on the whole-plant biomass and the chemical composition of soybean seeds. Food Chemistry 275: 610-617.

Patterson, D.T., Flint, E.P. and Beyers, J.L. 1984. Effects of CO2 enrichment on competition between a C4 weed and a C3 crop. Weed Science 32: 101-105.

Peet, M.M. 1984. CO2 enrichment of soybeans. Effects of leaf/pod ratio. Physiologia Plantarum 60: 38-42.

Prevost, D., Bertrand, A., Juge, C. and Chalifour, F.P. 2010. Elevated CO2 induces differences in nodulation of soybean depending on bradyrhizobial strain and method of inoculation. Plant and Soil 331: 115-127.

Prior, S.A., Runion, G.B., Rogers, H.H., Torbert, H.A. and Reeves, D.W. 2005. Elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on biomass production and soil carbon in conventional and conservation cropping systems. Global Change Biology 11: 657-665.

Reddy, V.R., Acock, B. and Acock, M.C. 1989. Seasonal carbon and nitrogen accumulation in relation to net carbon dioxide exchange in a carbon dioxide-enriched soybean canopy. Agronomy Journal 81: 78-83.

Rogers, H.H., Bingham, G.E., Cure, J.D., Smith, J.M. and Surano, K.A. 1983. Responses of selected plant species to elevated carbon dioxide in the field. Journal of Environmental Quality 12: 569-574.

Rogers, H.H., Cure, J.D., Thomas, J.F., and Smith, J.M. 1984. Influence of elevated CO2 on growth of soybean plants. Crop Science 24: 361-366.

Rogers, H.H., Cure, J.D., and Smith, J.M. 1986. Soybean growth and yield response to elevated carbon dioxide. Agricultural Ecosystems & Environment 16: 113-128.

Rogers, A., Gibon, Y., Stitt, M., Morgan, P.B., Bernacchi, C.J., Ort, D.R. and Long, S.P. 2006. Increased C availability at elevated carbon dioxide concentration improves N assimilation in a legume. Plant, Cell and Environment 29: 1651-1658.

Sanz-Sáez, A., Koester, R.P., Rosenthal, D.M., Montes, C.M., Ort, D.R. and Ainsworth, E.A. 2017. Leaf and canopy scale drivers of genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration. Global Change Biology 23: 3908-3920.

Serraj, R. and Sinclair, T.R. 2003. Evidence that carbon dioxide enrichment alleviates ureide-induced decline of nodule nitrogenase activity. Annals of Botany 91: 85-89.

Serraj, R., Allen, L.H. and Sinclair, T.R. 1999. Soybean leaf growth and gas exchange response to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment. Global Change Biology 5: 283-291.

Shimono, H., Konno, T., Sakai, H. and Sameshima, R. 2012. Interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and waterlogging on vegetative growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Plant Production Science 15: 238-245.

Sicher, R., Bunce, J. and Matthews, B. 2010. Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90: 257-264.

Singh, S.K. and Reddy, V.R. 2017. Potassium starvation limits soybean growth more than the photosynthetic processes across CO2 levels. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 991, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00991.

Sionit, N. 1983. Response of soybean to two levels of mineral nutrition in CO2-enriched atmosphere. Crop Science 23: 329-333.

Sionit, N., Strain, B.R. and Flint, E.P. 1987a. Interaction of temperature and CO2 enrichment on soybean: Growth and dry matter partitioning. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67: 59-67.

Sionit, N., Strain, B.R. and Flint, E.P. 1987b. Interaction of temperature and CO2 enrichment on soybean: Photosynthesis and seed yield. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67: 629-636.

Sionit, N. 1983. Response of soybean to two levels of mineral nutrition in CO2-enriched atmosphere. Crop Science 23: 329-333.

Teramura, A.H., Sullivan, J.H. and Ziska, L.H. 1990. Interaction of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation and CO2 productivity and photosynthetic characteristics on wheat, rice, and soybean. Plant Physiology 94: 470-475.

Torbert, H.A., Prior, S.A., Rogers, H.H. and Runion, G.B. 2004. Elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on N fertilization in grain sorghum and soybean. Field Crops Research 88: 57-67.

Vu, J.C.V., Allen, L.H., Jr. and Bowes, G. 1988. Leaf ultrastructure, carbohydrates and protein of soybeans grown under CO2 enrichment. Environmental and Experimental Botany 29: 141-147.

Wang, A., Lam, S.K., Hao, X., Li, F.Y., Zong, Y., Wang, H. and Li, P. 2018. Elevated CO2 reduces the adverse effects of drought stress on a high-yielding soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar by increasing water use efficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 132: 660-665.

Wong, S.-C. 1990. Elevated atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 and plant growth. II. Non-structural carbohydrate content in cotton plants and its effect on growth parameters. Photosynthesis Research 23: 171-180.

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Ziska, L.H. 1998. The influence of root zone temperature on photosynthetic acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Annals of Botany 81: 717-721.

Ziska, L.H. and Bunce, J.A. 2000. Sensitivity of field-grown soybean to future atmospheric CO2: selection for improved productivity in the 21st century. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 27: 979-984.

Ziska, LH. and Goins, E.W. 2006. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and weed populations in glyphosate treated soybean. Crop Science 46: 1354-1359.


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