How does rising atmospheric CO2 affect marine organisms?

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Eastern Gotland Basin, Central Baltic Sea
Reference
Leipe, T., Dippner, J.W., Hille, S., Voss, M., Christiansen, C. and Bartholdy, J. 2008. Environmental changes in the central Baltic Sea during the past 1000 years: inferences from sedimentary records, hydrography and climate. Oceanologia 50: 23-41.

Description
The authors analyzed five 60-cm sediment cores that were retrieved from the eastern Gotland Basin of the central Baltic Sea (56°55'-57°15'N, 19°20'-20°00'E) for a variety of physical, chemical and biological properties. These analyses revealed, in their words, that "during the Medieval Warm Period, from about AD 900 to 1250, the hydrographic and environmental conditions were similar to those of the present time," although analyses of lignin compounds in the sediment cores -- which they say "can be used to characterize terrigenous organic matter from plants" -- pointed to the Medieval Warm Period possibly being warmer than the Current Warm Period.