Apennines, Italy
Reference
Giraudi, C. 2005. Middle to Late Holocene glacial variations, periglacial processes and alluvial sedimentation on the higher Apennine massifs (Italy). Quaternary Research 64: 176-184.
Reference
Giraudi, C. 2005. Middle to Late Holocene glacial variations, periglacial processes and alluvial sedimentation on the higher Apennine massifs (Italy). Quaternary Research 64: 176-184.
Description
Based on current relationships between elevation and soil periglacial and glacial processes, Giraudi estimated that the mean annual temperature on higher Apennine massifs in Italy (42°23'N, 13°31'E) from approximately AD 700 to 1030 were "higher than at present," and that winter temperatures were "at least 0.9°C higher" than those of today.