| |
300 ppm |
600 ppm |
900 ppm |
| Plant Name |
Number of
Studies |
Arithmetic
Mean |
Standard
Error |
Number of
Studies |
Arithmetic
Mean |
Standard
Error |
Number of
Studies |
Arithmetic
Mean |
Standard
Error |
| Paederia scandens [Chinese Fever Vine] |
1 | 14% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Painted Spurge [Euphorbia geniculata] |
1 | 268% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicgrass, Blue [Panicum antidotale] |
4 | 15.5% | 6.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicgrass Blue [Panicum coloratum] |
2 | 1% | 15.6% |
12 | 47.1% | 7.9% |
| | |
| Panicgrass, Fall (Panicum dichotomiflorum) |
1 | 24% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicgrass, Lax [Panicum laxum] |
4 | 30% | 11% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum antidotale [Blue Panicgrass] |
4 | 15.5% | 6.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum coloratum [Blue Panicgrass] |
2 | 1% | 15.6% |
12 | 47.1% | 7.9% |
| | |
| Panicum dichotomiflorum (Fall Panicgrass) |
1 | 24% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum laxum [Lax Panicgrass] |
4 | 30% | 11% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum maximum [Guineagrass] |
1 | -2% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum miliaceum [Broomcorn Millet] |
3 | 24% | 15.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Panicum virgatum [Switchgrass] |
1 | -1% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pansy [Viola x wittrockiana] |
1 | 30% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Papaver setigerum [Dwarf Breadseed Poppy] |
1 | 390% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Paris polyphylla [Multi-leaf Paris] |
2 | 11.5% | 1.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Parsley [Petroselinum crispum] |
1 | 59% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Parthenium hysterophorus [Whitetop Weed] |
1 | 62% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pascopyrum smithii [Western Wheatgrass] |
7 | 60.4% | 12.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Paspalum, Brownseed [Paspalum plicatulum] |
1 | 9% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Paspalum conjugatum [Hilograss] |
1 | 18% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Paspalum dilatatum [Dallas Grass] |
2 | 71% | 7.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Paspalum notatum [Bahiagrass] |
3 | 10% | 1.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Paspalum plicatulum [Brownseed Paspalum] |
1 | 9% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pasture |
1 | 9% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pasture |
2 | 24.5% | 13.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pasture in Switzerland [Dactylis glomerata (Orchard Grass) and Dactylis glomerata (Red Clover)] |
12 | 29.1% | 5.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Pea, Blackeyed [Vigna unguiculata] |
24 | 41.7% | 5.7% |
1 | 100% | 0% |
| | |
| Peace Lily [Spathiphyllum] |
| | |
1 | 59% | 0% |
| | |
| Peach Tree [Prunus persica] |
4 | 27.8% | 0.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Pea, Garden [Pisum sativum ] |
54 | 58.5% | 6.6% |
4 | 67% | 11.4% |
1 | 42% | 0% |
| Peanut [Arachis hypogaea] |
46 | 53% | 13.6% |
| | |
1 | 35% | 0% |
| Peanut, Florigraze [Arachis glabrata] |
2 | 20.5% | 1.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Peanut, Rhizoma |
1 | 57% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pea, Partridge [Cassia nictitans] |
1 | 22% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pea, Partridge [Chamaecrista nictitans] |
1 | 0% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum] |
2 | 9.5% | 1.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Pei Lan [Eupatorium japonicum] |
1 | 24% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pelargonium [Pelargonium x hortorum] |
4 | 9% | 10.8% |
7 | 56.6% | 13% |
1 | 7% | 0% |
| Pelargonium x hortorum [Pelargonium] |
4 | 9% | 10.8% |
7 | 56.6% | 13% |
1 | 7% | 0% |
| Pencil Flower [Stylosanthes hamata] |
1 | 18% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pencilflower [Stylosanthes scabra] |
2 | 72% | 10.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Pennisetum alopecuroides [Fountain Grass] |
1 | 29% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pennisetum glaucum [Pearl Millet] |
2 | 9.5% | 1.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Peperomia, Cypress [Peperomia glabella] |
| | |
| | |
1 | -43% | 0% |
| Peperomia glabella [Cypress Peperomia] |
| | |
| | |
1 | -43% | 0% |
| Peperomia nivalis |
| | |
| | |
1 | 52% | 0% |
| Pepino [Solanum muricatum] |
4 | 69.8% | 20.5% |
4 | 135.8% | 43.4% |
| | |
| Pepper [Unknown name] |
8 | 76.4% | 17% |
4 | 101.3% | 17.2% |
| | |
| Peppermint [Mentha x piperita] |
2 | 40.5% | 8.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pepperweed [Lepidium latifolium] |
2 | 40% | 7.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Perennial Herb [Sedum alfredii] |
9 | 43.1% | 12.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Peruvian Groundcherry [Physalis peruviana] |
1 | 23% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Petalostemum villosum [Silky Prairie-Clover] |
3 | -9.3% | 23.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Petroselinum crispum [Parsley] |
1 | 59% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Petunia hybrida [Petunia] |
6 | 55% | 9.8% |
8 | 31.3% | 5.2% |
| | |
| Petunia [Petunia hybrida] |
6 | 55% | 9.8% |
8 | 31.3% | 5.2% |
| | |
| Phaeocystis [Phytoplankton] |
1 | 0% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Phalaris aquatica [Harding Grass] |
13 | 24.6% | 8.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Phalaris arundinacea [Canary Grass] |
8 | 34.3% | 12.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pharus latifolius [Broad Stalkgrass] |
1 | 144% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Phaseolus acutifolius [Tepary Bean] |
2 | 70% | 9.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Phaseolus lunata [Lima Bean] |
| | |
3 | 40.3% | 18.4% |
| | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris [Garden Bean] |
26 | 104.3% | 18.5% |
2 | 72% | 17% |
6 | 70.8% | 12.4% |
| Phleum pratense [Timothy] |
20 | 14.9% | 3.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Phragmites australis [Common Reed] |
2 | 410% | 17.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Phragmites communis [Wetland Reed] |
1 | -8% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Phragmites japonica [Wetland Reed] |
1 | -11% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Phyllanthus emblica [Emblic] |
8 | 165% | 16% |
| | |
| | |
| Phyllostachys edulis [Moso Bamboo] |
2 | 41.5% | 13.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Physalis peruviana [Peruvian Groundcherry] |
1 | 23% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Phytolacca americana [American Pokeweed] |
8 | -2.4% | 13.8% |
2 | 44.5% | 14.5% |
| | |
| [Phytoplankton] |
1 | 7% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Picea abies [Norway Spruce] |
15 | 33.5% | 4.9% |
| | |
4 | 42.8% | 5.6% |
| Picea glauca [White Spruce] |
7 | 106.1% | 52.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Picea koraiensis [Spruce] |
7 | 37.9% | 8.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Picea mariana [Black Spruce] |
18 | 36.1% | 10.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Picea rubens [Red Spruce] |
1 | 15% | 0% |
| | |
3 | 41.7% | 10.6% |
| Picea sitchensis [Sitka Spruce] |
7 | 20.7% | 5% |
| | |
| | |
| Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan] |
6 | 68.8% | 14.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pineapple [Ananas comosus] |
2 | 5% | 9.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Black [Pinus nigra] |
1 | 22% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Eastern White [Pinus strobus] |
3 | 31.7% | 9% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Eldarica [Pinus eldarica] |
1 | 153% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Jack [Pinus banksiana] |
3 | 18.3% | 8.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Japanese Red [Pinus densiflora] |
9 | 22.4% | 7.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Korean [Pinus koraiensis] |
2 | 27% | 15.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Loblolly [Pinus taeda] |
67 | 60.9% | 7.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Longleaf [Pinus palustris] |
8 | 19% | 7.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Merkus [Pinus merkusii] |
2 | 200% | 43.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Monterey [Pinus radiata] |
1 | 36% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Mountain [Pinus uncinata] |
1 | 0% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pine, Ponderosa [Pinus ponderosa] |
47 | 63.3% | 11.6% |
2 | 45% | 7.1% |
| | |
| Pine, Scots [Pinus sylvestris] |
63 | 35% | 4.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus banksiana [Jack Pine] |
3 | 18.3% | 8.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus densiflora [Japanese Red Pine] |
9 | 22.4% | 7.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus eldarica [Eldarica Pine] |
1 | 153% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus koraiensis [Korean Pine] |
2 | 27% | 15.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus merkusii [Merkus Pine] |
2 | 200% | 43.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus nigra [Black Pine] |
1 | 22% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus palustris [Longleaf Pine] |
8 | 19% | 7.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus ponderosa [Ponderosa Pine] |
47 | 63.3% | 11.6% |
2 | 45% | 7.1% |
| | |
| Pinus radiata [Monterey Pine] |
1 | 36% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus strobus [Eastern White Pine] |
3 | 31.7% | 9% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus sylvestris [Scots Pine] |
63 | 35% | 4.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus taeda [Loblolly Pine] |
67 | 60.9% | 7.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Pinus uncinata [Mountain Pine] |
1 | 0% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pisum sativum [Garden Pea] |
54 | 58.5% | 6.6% |
4 | 67% | 11.4% |
1 | 42% | 0% |
| Pitted Bluegrass [Bothriochloa decipiens] |
1 | 26% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago erecta [Dwarf Plantain] |
2 | 4.5% | 11.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago lanceolata [Narrowleaf Plantain] |
11 | 46.2% | 15.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago major [Common Plantain] |
3 | 31.7% | 4.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago maritima [Sea Plantain] |
3 | 101.7% | 27.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago media [Hoary Plantain] |
2 | 26.5% | 5.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantago virginica [Virginia Plantain] |
1 | 45% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Common [Plantago major] |
3 | 31.7% | 4.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Dwarf [Plantago erecta] |
2 | 4.5% | 11.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Hoary [Plantago media] |
2 | 26.5% | 5.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Narrowleaf [Plantago lanceolata] |
11 | 46.2% | 15.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Sea [Plantago maritima] |
3 | 101.7% | 27.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Plantain, Virginia [Plantago virginica] |
1 | 45% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Poa alpina [Alpine Bluegrass] |
2 | 79.5% | 4.6% |
| | |
| | |
| Poa annua [Annual Bluegrass] |
10 | 20.2% | 9.1% |
| | |
| | |
| Poa pratensis [Kentucky Bluegrass] |
11 | 115.7% | 24.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Poa trivialis [Rough Bluegrass] |
1 | 3% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Poison Ivy [Toxicodendron radicans] |
7 | 75.7% | 13.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Polygonum cuspidatum [Japanese Knotweed] |
3 | 48% | 14.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Polygonum hydropiper [Marshpepper Knotweed] |
2 | 40.5% | 15.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Polygonum lapathifolium [Curlytop Knotweed] |
5 | 19.4% | 4.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Polygonum pensylvanicum [Pennsylvania Smartweed] |
3 | 55.7% | 1.8% |
| | |
2 | 127% | 15.6% |
| Polygonum persicaria [Spotted Ladysthumb] |
2 | 38% | 9.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Pondweed, Curly [Potamogeton crispus] |
| | |
3 | 16.7% | 2% |
| | |
| Poplar, Hybrid [Populus tremula x alba] |
2 | 17% | 0.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar, Black [Populus nigra] |
15 | 53.9% | 12.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar Clone, Robusta [Populus deltoides x Populus deltoides] |
6 | 63.3% | 13.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar, Hybrid [Populus trichocarpa x Populus trichocarpa] |
7 | 76.7% | 23.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar, Robusta [Populus euramericana] |
21 | 95.4% | 33.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar, White [Populus alba] |
14 | 43.9% | 4.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Poplar, Yellow [Liriodendron tulipifera] |
3 | 34% | 4.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Poppy, Dwarf Breadseed [Papaver setigerum] |
1 | 390% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus cathayana [Qing Yang] |
4 | 39.8% | 9.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus tremula [Aspen, European] |
6 | 14.7% | 2.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus tremula x alba [Poplar, Hybrid] |
2 | 17% | 0.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus alba [White Poplar] |
14 | 43.9% | 4.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus deltoides [Eastern Cottonwood] |
7 | 53.7% | 13.6% |
| | |
3 | 96% | 0% |
| Populus deltoides x Populus deltoides [Robusta Poplar Clone] |
6 | 63.3% | 13.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus euramericana [Robusta Poplar] |
21 | 95.4% | 33.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus grandidentata [Bigtooth Aspen] |
1 | 29% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus nigra [Black Poplar] |
15 | 53.9% | 12.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus tremula x Populus tremula [Hybrid Aspen] |
6 | 40.3% | 18% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus tremuloides [Quaking Aspen] |
36 | 58.1% | 9% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus trichocarpa [Black Cottonwood] |
5 | 124% | 93.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Populus trichocarpa x Populus trichocarpa [Hybrid Poplar] |
7 | 76.7% | 23.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Potamogeton crispus [Curly Pondweed] |
| | |
3 | 16.7% | 2% |
| | |
| Potato, Sweet [Ipomoea batatas] |
8 | 35.8% | 7.1% |
1 | 148% | 0% |
| | |
| Potato, White [Solanum tuberosum] |
56 | 36.9% | 3.5% |
17 | 59.6% | 9% |
1 | 71% | 0% |
| Pothos [Scindapsus aureus] |
1 | 39% | 0% |
1 | 61% | 0% |
1 | 73% | 0% |
| Prairie Sagewort [Artemisia frigida] |
2 | 121% | 17% |
| | |
| | |
| Prairie, Native Tallgrass |
3 | 62% | 17.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Prairie, Native Tallgrass Dominated by Andropogon gerardii |
2 | 13.5% | 9.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Prickly Pear [Opuntia ficus-indica] |
9 | 38.2% | 13.3% |
| | |
| | |
| Prorocentrum minimum [A Marine Dinoflagellate] |
2 | 20% | 3.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Prosopis flexuosa [Deciduous Tree] |
1 | 42% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Prosopis glandulosa [Honey Mesquite] |
13 | 37.7% | 5.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Prunella vulgaris [Selfheal] |
2 | 78% | 17.7% |
| | |
| | |
| Prunus avium [Sweet Cherry] |
8 | 59.8% | 7.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Prunus laurocerasus [English Laurel] |
1 | 56% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Prunus persica [Peach Tree] |
4 | 27.8% | 0.8% |
| | |
| | |
| Prunus serotina [Black Cherry] |
2 | 42% | 1.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii [Douglas Fir] |
6 | 9.7% | 3.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Pteridium revolutum [Hairy Bracken] |
3 | 49% | 7.4% |
| | |
| | |
| Pteridium aquilinum [Bracken] |
4 | 45.3% | 20.5% |
| | |
| | |
| Pteris vittata [Ladder brake] |
3 | 38.3% | 6.9% |
| | |
| | |
| Puccinellia maritima [Seaside Alkaligrass] |
4 | 61% | 31% |
| | |
| | |
| Puccinellia nuttalliana [Nuttall's Alkaligrass] |
| | |
| | |
1 | 90% | 0% |
| Pueraria lobata (Leguminous Weed) |
1 | 98% | 0% |
1 | 131% | 0% |
| | |
| Purging Nut [Jatropha curcas] |
7 | 93.4% | 25.2% |
| | |
| | |
| Purple Pigeon Grass [Setaria incrassata] |
1 | 6% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Purple Witchweed [Striga hermonthica] |
1 | -65% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pyrrosia piloselloides [Tropical Fern] |
1 | 78% | 0% |
| | |
| | |
| Pyrus pyrifolia [Asian Pear] |
2 | 23.5% | 5.3% |
| | |
| | |
