Fertility Relative to Fertility at Current pH

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Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus [Sea Urchin]

Statistics  
  Decline in pH from the Present
 
0.0 to 0.09
0.09 to 0.17
0.17 to 0.3
0.3 to 0.5
More than 0.5
Number of Results
 
 
6
6
18
Arithmetic Mean
 
 
1.02
0.99
0.77
Standard Error
 
 
0.05
0.07
0.08

Individual Experiement Results  
      Decline in pH from the Present    

Journal References

Experimental Conditions
0.0
to
0.09
0.09
to
0.17
0.17
to
0.3
0.3
to
0.5
More
than
0.5

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

0.99

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

0.96

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

0.87

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

0.70

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

0.43

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

1.00

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

1.00

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

1.00

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

0.99

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect on the fertilization rate, 300 eggs were randomly sampled from each 20 ml vial, cultured for 15 min after insemination, and the numbers of fertilized eggs were counted under a microscope. Fertilization was defined as the presence of a fertilization membrane.
 

 

 

 

0.77

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

0.82

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

0.75

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.63

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.46

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.00

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

0.97

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

0.84

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.76

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.67

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 105 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.99

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

1.20

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

1.20

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

1.23

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

1.17

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by aerating the experiment chambers with air containing different concentrations of CO2. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.33

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

1.14

 

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

1.18

 

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

1.35

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

1.11

Kurihara and Shirayama (2004)

Air and seawater CO2 concentrations were controlled by adding various quantities of HCl. To study the effect of CO2 concentrationon cleavage rate and developmental speed, 300 randomly sampled eggs,that had been incubated for 210 min after insemination were observed under amicroscope and the stage of each embryo was recorded.
 

 

 

 

0.31


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