How does rising atmospheric CO2 affect marine organisms?

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Laguna Escondida, Patagonia, Chile
Reference
Elbert, J., Wartenburger, R., von Gunten, L., Urrutia, R., Fischer, D, Fujak, M., Hamann, Y., Greber, N.D. and Grosjean, M. 2013. Late Holocene air temperature variability reconstructed from the sediments of Laguna Escondida, Patagonia, Chile (45°30'S). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 369: 482-492.

Description
Elbert et al. analyzed sediment cores from Laguna Escondida (45°31'S, 71°49'W) in Northern Chile for biogenic silica (bSi) concentrations, which they compared with modern meteorological data from the CRU TS 3.0 reanalysis data set (Mitchell and Jones, 2005; 0.5°x0.5° grid cell 45°S/72°W)," while using radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, 14C-MS) to place the entire set of results in a temporally correct perspective. The result of this work is depicted in the figure below, where it can be seen that the peak warmth of the Medieval Warm Period (~AD 920-1180) was about 2.9°C greater than the most recent of sediment-derived Current Warm Period temperatures.